Accés Serveis de Salut Adults Afers Socials Alimentació Aplicacions Mòbils Convencions Crisi Econòmica Desigualtats de Génere Desigualtats Socials Economia Educació Espanya Europa Explotació Sexual Fundacions Génere Habitatge Immigrants Infants Informes Joventut Mundial Organismes Internacionals Organitzacions Pobresa Energètica Salut Salut Mental Serveis Socials Treball Vivenda
2017 |
Silva, Jos{é} I; Vall-Castell{à}, Judit Partial disability and labor market adjustment: The case of Spain Artículo de revista Labour Economics, 48 , pp. 23–34, 2017, ISSN: 09275371. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Treball @article{Silva2017, title = {Partial disability and labor market adjustment: The case of Spain}, author = {Silva, Jos{é} I. and Vall-Castell{à}, Judit}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0927537117302622}, doi = {10.1016/j.labeco.2017.05.012}, issn = {09275371}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-01}, journal = {Labour Economics}, volume = {48}, pages = {23--34}, abstract = {textcopyright 2017 Elsevier B.V.Although partially disabled individuals in Spain are allowed to combine disability benefits with a job, the empirical evidence shows that the employment rate of this group of individuals is very low because they have much lower job finding and higher job separation rates than nondisabled workers. Moreover, a decomposition analysis of the equilibrium employment rate shows that the differences in the job finding rates explain 85 percent of the disabled employment gap. To explain these facts, we construct a labor market model with search intensity and matching frictions to identify the incentives and disincentives to work in Spain from the point of view of both disabled workers and employers. According to the model, the high employment rate gap observed between nondisabled and disabled individuals can be partly explained by the presence of a lower level of productivity among disabled individuals that discourages them from looking for jobs. In terms of policy interventions, sensitivity analysis shows that, since the disability condition is permanent, one-off subsidies in new hired positions have a much lower impact on the employment rate and welfare of disabled individuals than long-term policies.}, keywords = {Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } textcopyright 2017 Elsevier B.V.Although partially disabled individuals in Spain are allowed to combine disability benefits with a job, the empirical evidence shows that the employment rate of this group of individuals is very low because they have much lower job finding and higher job separation rates than nondisabled workers. Moreover, a decomposition analysis of the equilibrium employment rate shows that the differences in the job finding rates explain 85 percent of the disabled employment gap. To explain these facts, we construct a labor market model with search intensity and matching frictions to identify the incentives and disincentives to work in Spain from the point of view of both disabled workers and employers. According to the model, the high employment rate gap observed between nondisabled and disabled individuals can be partly explained by the presence of a lower level of productivity among disabled individuals that discourages them from looking for jobs. In terms of policy interventions, sensitivity analysis shows that, since the disability condition is permanent, one-off subsidies in new hired positions have a much lower impact on the employment rate and welfare of disabled individuals than long-term policies. |
{L{ó}pez Andreu}, Mart{í} All precarious? Institutional change and turning points in labour market trajectories in Spain Artículo de revista Employee Relations, 39 (3), pp. 408–422, 2017, ISSN: 0142-5455. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Treball @article{LopezAndreu2017, title = {All precarious? Institutional change and turning points in labour market trajectories in Spain}, author = {{L{ó}pez Andreu}, Mart{í}}, url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/10.1108/ER-03-2016-0062}, doi = {10.1108/ER-03-2016-0062}, issn = {0142-5455}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-04-01}, journal = {Employee Relations}, volume = {39}, number = {3}, pages = {408--422}, abstract = {textcopyright 2017, textcopyright Emerald Publishing Limited.Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of changes in employment regulation in Spain on individual labour market trajectories. It is well known that the Spanish labour market has been strongly hit by the 2007 recession. Furthermore, after 2010 and in the benchmark of “austerity”, several reforms were implemented to further flexibilise employment regulation. At the same time, public sector budgets suffered severe cutbacks, that impacted working conditions and prospects of public sector workers. These reforms were implemented by different governments and substantially changed previous existing patterns of employment. This paper explains how these reforms have reinforced previous existing trends towards greater flexibility and weaker employment protection and how they lead to a shift in the position of work in society. Design/methodology/approach: The emerging patterns that these changes provoked are illustrated thorough data from narrative biographies of workers affected by a job loss or a downgrading of working conditions. The workers of the sample had relatively stable positions and careers and were affected by changes that substantially modified their paths. Findings: The paper shows how reforms have expanded work and employment insecurities and have broken career paths. It demonstrates how the reforms have weakened the position of work and organised labour in society and how, when institutional supports are jeopardised, the capacity to plan and act is harassed by the traditional social inequalities. Originality/value: The paper enhances the knowledge about the impact of institutional changes by analysing their effects in individual working lives by means of narrative biographies.}, keywords = {Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } textcopyright 2017, textcopyright Emerald Publishing Limited.Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of changes in employment regulation in Spain on individual labour market trajectories. It is well known that the Spanish labour market has been strongly hit by the 2007 recession. Furthermore, after 2010 and in the benchmark of “austerity”, several reforms were implemented to further flexibilise employment regulation. At the same time, public sector budgets suffered severe cutbacks, that impacted working conditions and prospects of public sector workers. These reforms were implemented by different governments and substantially changed previous existing patterns of employment. This paper explains how these reforms have reinforced previous existing trends towards greater flexibility and weaker employment protection and how they lead to a shift in the position of work in society. Design/methodology/approach: The emerging patterns that these changes provoked are illustrated thorough data from narrative biographies of workers affected by a job loss or a downgrading of working conditions. The workers of the sample had relatively stable positions and careers and were affected by changes that substantially modified their paths. Findings: The paper shows how reforms have expanded work and employment insecurities and have broken career paths. It demonstrates how the reforms have weakened the position of work and organised labour in society and how, when institutional supports are jeopardised, the capacity to plan and act is harassed by the traditional social inequalities. Originality/value: The paper enhances the knowledge about the impact of institutional changes by analysing their effects in individual working lives by means of narrative biographies. |
Huete-Morales, Dolores M; Vargas-Jim?nez, Maravillas Modelling part-time employment in Spain: do women opt for fewer hours or do they have no choice? Artículo de revista Journal of Gender Studies, pp. 1–19, 2017, ISSN: 0958-9236. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Desigualtats de Génere, Treball @article{Huete-Morales2017, title = {Modelling part-time employment in Spain: do women opt for fewer hours or do they have no choice?}, author = {Huete-Morales, M. Dolores and Vargas-Jim?nez, Maravillas}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09589236.2017.1316248}, doi = {10.1080/09589236.2017.1316248}, issn = {0958-9236}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-04-01}, journal = {Journal of Gender Studies}, pages = {1--19}, abstract = {textcopyright 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis GroupMany variables can be analysed to characterize the past and present employment status of women. Among these parameters are indicators of part-time employment; these, together with factors such as age, nationality and education/training, are of crucial importance in obtaining a proper understanding of this question. The following hypotheses are addressed in this study: that women are more likely than men to be in part-time employment; that this likelihood is even greater for married women; that the higher the level of educational qualifications, the lower the probability of being in part-time employment; and that the female immigrant population is less likely than non-immigrant women to be in part-time employment (however, nationality has no such influence among the male population). Women are much more likely than men to be employed part-time, and it is often said that women prefer this type of contract in order to reconcile family life with their work. However, we show that this is not true. The probability of part-time employment among married women wishing to work longer hours is much higher than that for men. Accordingly, part-time employment contracts for women would appear to be more an imposition by society than a personal preference.}, keywords = {Desigualtats de Génere, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } textcopyright 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis GroupMany variables can be analysed to characterize the past and present employment status of women. Among these parameters are indicators of part-time employment; these, together with factors such as age, nationality and education/training, are of crucial importance in obtaining a proper understanding of this question. The following hypotheses are addressed in this study: that women are more likely than men to be in part-time employment; that this likelihood is even greater for married women; that the higher the level of educational qualifications, the lower the probability of being in part-time employment; and that the female immigrant population is less likely than non-immigrant women to be in part-time employment (however, nationality has no such influence among the male population). Women are much more likely than men to be employed part-time, and it is often said that women prefer this type of contract in order to reconcile family life with their work. However, we show that this is not true. The probability of part-time employment among married women wishing to work longer hours is much higher than that for men. Accordingly, part-time employment contracts for women would appear to be more an imposition by society than a personal preference. |
Bentolila, Samuel ; Garc{í}a-P{é}rez, Ignacio J; Jansen, Marcel Are the Spanish long-term unemployed unemployable? Artículo de revista SERIEs, 8 (1), pp. 1–41, 2017, ISSN: 1869-4187. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Treball @article{Bentolila2017, title = {Are the Spanish long-term unemployed unemployable?}, author = {Bentolila, Samuel and Garc{í}a-P{é}rez, J. Ignacio and Jansen, Marcel}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13209-017-0155-z}, doi = {10.1007/s13209-017-0155-z}, issn = {1869-4187}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-03-01}, journal = {SERIEs}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {1--41}, abstract = {textcopyright 2017, The Author(s).Long-term unemployment reached unprecedented levels in Spain in the wake of the Great Recession and it still affects around 57% of the unemployed. We document the sources that contributed to the rise in long-term unemployment and analyze its persistence using state-of-the-art duration models. We find pervasive evidence of negative duration dependence, while personal characteristics such as mature age, lack of experience, and entitlement to unemployment benefits are key to understand the cross-sectional differences in the incidence of long-term unemployment. The negative impact of low levels of skill and education is muted by the large share of temporary contracts, but once we restrict attention to employment spells lasting at least 1 month these factors also contribute to a higher risk of long-term unemployment. Surprisingly, workers from the construction sector do not fare worse than similar workers from other sectors. Finally, self-reported reservation wages are found to respond strongly to the cycle, but much less to individual unemployment duration. In view of these findings, we argue that active labor market policies should play a more prominent role in the fight against long-term unemployment while early activation should be used to curb inflows.}, keywords = {Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } textcopyright 2017, The Author(s).Long-term unemployment reached unprecedented levels in Spain in the wake of the Great Recession and it still affects around 57% of the unemployed. We document the sources that contributed to the rise in long-term unemployment and analyze its persistence using state-of-the-art duration models. We find pervasive evidence of negative duration dependence, while personal characteristics such as mature age, lack of experience, and entitlement to unemployment benefits are key to understand the cross-sectional differences in the incidence of long-term unemployment. The negative impact of low levels of skill and education is muted by the large share of temporary contracts, but once we restrict attention to employment spells lasting at least 1 month these factors also contribute to a higher risk of long-term unemployment. Surprisingly, workers from the construction sector do not fare worse than similar workers from other sectors. Finally, self-reported reservation wages are found to respond strongly to the cycle, but much less to individual unemployment duration. In view of these findings, we argue that active labor market policies should play a more prominent role in the fight against long-term unemployment while early activation should be used to curb inflows. |
Moreno-Colom, S The gendered division of housework time: Analysis of time use by type and daily frequency of household tasks Artículo de revista Time and Society, 26 (1), 2017. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Desigualtats de Génere, Treball @article{Moreno-Colom2017, title = {The gendered division of housework time: Analysis of time use by type and daily frequency of household tasks}, author = {Moreno-Colom, S.}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0961463X15577269}, doi = {10.1177/0961463X15577269}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Time and Society}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, abstract = {textcopyright 2015, textcopyright The Author(s) 2015.Over the past 40 years, there has been a slow trend toward gender equality regarding time use in paid and unpaid work. However, the gendered division of housework remains. This article examines the gender segregation in domestic work in order to contrast the influence of welfare regimes and employment status on the organization of everyday life. The analysis is based on time use variables according to the type and daily frequency of household tasks. First, a descriptive cross-national study of European countries is presented to contextualise how institutional factors are involved in patterns of time use. Second, a specific case in Spain is studied to assess how employment status influences the distribution of housework. The results show that daily maintenance tasks represent a limit for the equal distribution of housework by gender. It is concluded that women's employment is a necessary but not sufficient condition for gender equality.}, keywords = {Desigualtats de Génere, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } textcopyright 2015, textcopyright The Author(s) 2015.Over the past 40 years, there has been a slow trend toward gender equality regarding time use in paid and unpaid work. However, the gendered division of housework remains. This article examines the gender segregation in domestic work in order to contrast the influence of welfare regimes and employment status on the organization of everyday life. The analysis is based on time use variables according to the type and daily frequency of household tasks. First, a descriptive cross-national study of European countries is presented to contextualise how institutional factors are involved in patterns of time use. Second, a specific case in Spain is studied to assess how employment status influences the distribution of housework. The results show that daily maintenance tasks represent a limit for the equal distribution of housework by gender. It is concluded that women's employment is a necessary but not sufficient condition for gender equality. |
Juli{à}, Mireia ; Oll{é}-Espluga, Laia ; Vanroelen, Christophe ; {De Moortel}, Deborah ; Mousaid, Sarah ; Vinberg, Stig ; Puig-Barrachina, Vanessa ; S{á}nchez, Esther ; Muntaner, Carles ; Artazcoz, Luc?a ; Benach, Joan Employment and labor market results of the SOPHIE Project Artículo de revista International Journal of Health Services, 47 (1), pp. 18–39, 2017, ISSN: 0020-7314. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Treball @article{Julia2017, title = {Employment and labor market results of the SOPHIE Project}, author = {Juli{à}, Mireia and Oll{é}-Espluga, Laia and Vanroelen, Christophe and {De Moortel}, Deborah and Mousaid, Sarah and Vinberg, Stig and Puig-Barrachina, Vanessa and S{á}nchez, Esther and Muntaner, Carles and Artazcoz, Luc?a and Benach, Joan}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0020731416676233}, doi = {10.1177/0020731416676233}, issn = {0020-7314}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Health Services}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {18--39}, abstract = {textcopyright SAGE Publications.This article reports evidence gained by the SOPHIE Project regarding employment and labor market-related policies. In the first step, quality of employment and of precarious and informal employment in Europe were conceptualized and defined. Based on these definitions, we analyzed changes in the prevalence and population distribution of key health-affecting characteristics of employment and work between times of economic prosperity and economic crisis in Europe and investigated their impact on health outcomes. Additionally, we examined the effects of several employment and labor market-related policies on factors affecting health equity, including a specific analysis concerning work-related gender equity policies and case studies in different European countries. Our findings show that there is a need to standardize definitions and indicators of (the quality of) employment conditions and improve information systems. This is challenging given the important differences between and within European countries. In our results, low quality of employment and precarious employment is associated with poor mental health. In order to protect the well-being of workers and reduce work-related health inequalities, policies leading to precarious working and employment conditions need to be suspended. Instead, efforts should be made to improve the security and quality of employment for all workers.}, keywords = {Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } textcopyright SAGE Publications.This article reports evidence gained by the SOPHIE Project regarding employment and labor market-related policies. In the first step, quality of employment and of precarious and informal employment in Europe were conceptualized and defined. Based on these definitions, we analyzed changes in the prevalence and population distribution of key health-affecting characteristics of employment and work between times of economic prosperity and economic crisis in Europe and investigated their impact on health outcomes. Additionally, we examined the effects of several employment and labor market-related policies on factors affecting health equity, including a specific analysis concerning work-related gender equity policies and case studies in different European countries. Our findings show that there is a need to standardize definitions and indicators of (the quality of) employment conditions and improve information systems. This is challenging given the important differences between and within European countries. In our results, low quality of employment and precarious employment is associated with poor mental health. In order to protect the well-being of workers and reduce work-related health inequalities, policies leading to precarious working and employment conditions need to be suspended. Instead, efforts should be made to improve the security and quality of employment for all workers. |
PaD, Panel de desigualtats socials a Catalunya (PaD) En línea 2017, visitado: 07.07.2017. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Afers Socials, Economia, Organitzacions, Treball, Vivenda @online{pad_panel_2017, title = {Panel de desigualtats socials a Catalunya (PaD)}, author = {{PaD}}, url = {http://www.obdesigualtats.cat/}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, urldate = {2017-07-07}, keywords = {Afers Socials, Economia, Organitzacions, Treball, Vivenda}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } |
Comisión Europea, Comisión Europea En línea 2017, visitado: 06.07.2017. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Economia, Organismes Internacionals, Treball @online{comision_europea_comision_2017, title = {Comisión Europea}, author = {{Comisión Europea}}, url = {https://ec.europa.eu/commission/index_es}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, urldate = {2017-07-06}, keywords = {Economia, Organismes Internacionals, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } |
Consejo de Juventud de España, Observatorio de emancipación En línea 2017, visitado: 06.07.2017. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Afers Socials, Joventut, Treball, Vivenda @online{consejo_de_juventud_de_espana_observatorio_2017, title = {Observatorio de emancipación}, author = {{Consejo de Juventud de España}}, url = {http://www.cje.org/es/publicaciones/novedades/observatorio-de-emancipacion/}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, urldate = {2017-07-06}, abstract = {El Observatorio de Emancipación del Consejo de la Juventud de España integra y amplía en una sola publicación los anteriores Observatorio Joven de Vivienda en España (OBJOVI) y Observatorio Joven de Empleo en España (OBJOVEM). Su principal objetivo es ofrecer un seguimiento periódico y exhaustivo de algunos elementos objetivables relacionados con el empleo y la vivienda que definen las condiciones de vida y los procesos de transición hacia la vida adulta de la población joven en España. Al ofrecer una perspectiva cuantitativa y descriptiva, el Observatorio de Emancipación del Consejo de la Juventud de España rehúye las argumentaciones causales y omnicomprensivas para limitarse, de un modo más humilde, a ofrecer unos indicadores seleccionados que ilustran el perfil sociodemográfico y las opciones de acceder al mercado laboral y al mercado de la vivienda de las personas jóvenes en España en un momento determinado. Se considera como población joven a todas aquellas personas que tienen entre 16 y 34 años, situando el mayor punto de interés y detalle en el tramo específico de 16 a 29 años, estándar europeo en las investigaciones e informes institucionales sobre el empleo joven.}, keywords = {Afers Socials, Joventut, Treball, Vivenda}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } El Observatorio de Emancipación del Consejo de la Juventud de España integra y amplía en una sola publicación los anteriores Observatorio Joven de Vivienda en España (OBJOVI) y Observatorio Joven de Empleo en España (OBJOVEM). Su principal objetivo es ofrecer un seguimiento periódico y exhaustivo de algunos elementos objetivables relacionados con el empleo y la vivienda que definen las condiciones de vida y los procesos de transición hacia la vida adulta de la población joven en España. Al ofrecer una perspectiva cuantitativa y descriptiva, el Observatorio de Emancipación del Consejo de la Juventud de España rehúye las argumentaciones causales y omnicomprensivas para limitarse, de un modo más humilde, a ofrecer unos indicadores seleccionados que ilustran el perfil sociodemográfico y las opciones de acceder al mercado laboral y al mercado de la vivienda de las personas jóvenes en España en un momento determinado. Se considera como población joven a todas aquellas personas que tienen entre 16 y 34 años, situando el mayor punto de interés y detalle en el tramo específico de 16 a 29 años, estándar europeo en las investigaciones e informes institucionales sobre el empleo joven. |
Observatorio Social de España, Observatorio social de España En línea 2017, visitado: 06.07.2017. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Afers Socials, Educació, Organitzacions, Salut, Treball, Vivenda @online{observatorio_social_de_espana_observatorio_2017, title = {Observatorio social de España}, author = {{Observatorio Social de España}}, url = {http://observatoriosocial.org/ose/}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, urldate = {2017-07-06}, abstract = {El OSE representa a una red de investigadores y académicos españoles de diversas universidades y centros de investigación de España constituido con el objetivo de analizar la situación social en España, a partir del estudio de todas las vertientes que conforman el Estado del Bienestar. El resultado de esta investigación se difunde a través de esta página web y de los volúmenes del libro La Situación Social en España.}, keywords = {Afers Socials, Educació, Organitzacions, Salut, Treball, Vivenda}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } El OSE representa a una red de investigadores y académicos españoles de diversas universidades y centros de investigación de España constituido con el objetivo de analizar la situación social en España, a partir del estudio de todas las vertientes que conforman el Estado del Bienestar. El resultado de esta investigación se difunde a través de esta página web y de los volúmenes del libro La Situación Social en España. |
CCOO, Eurobaròmetre social de CCOO de Catalunya En línea 2017, visitado: 06.07.2017. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Afers Socials, Economia, Treball @online{ccoo_eurobarometre_2017, title = {Eurobaròmetre social de CCOO de Catalunya}, author = {{CCOO}}, url = {http://www.ccoo.cat/eurobarometre/}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, urldate = {2017-07-06}, abstract = {L'EUROBARÒMETRE SOCIAL DE CCOO DE CATALUNYA, elaborat pel Centre d'Estudis i Recerca Sindicals de CCOO, vol ésser una eina bàsica per a la consulta i l'anàlisi de les dades estadístiques relatives al desenvolupament econòmic, social i laboral de la Unió Europea, al mateix temps que esdevé un referent de caire comparatiu respecte a la realitat catalana. En definitiva, la seva finalitat és la d'aportar tot un seguit d'elements d'informació i d'anàlisi en uns moments en els quals, més enllà de la convergència econòmica, la construcció de l'Europa Social es troba en totes les agendes de les organitzacions sindicals. Pels motius abans esmentats, l'EUROSTAT, l'Oficina Estadística de les Comunitats Europees, constitueix la font bàsica per a l'elaboració de l'Eurobaròmetre Social de CCOO de Catalunya. D'aquesta manera, s'assegura el màxim nivell d'homogeneïtat i de comparabilitat de la informació recollida, per quant el tractament de les dades aportades pels diferents Estats de la Unió Europea reben un mateix tracte metodològic. Això no obstant, el menor desenvolupament de les estadístiques d'àmbit regional dins la Unió Europea, no sempre permet obtenir informació específica a nivell de Catalunya. Això ha implicat, en determinades ocasions, la utilització subsidiària de dades obtingudes directament de l'Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya (IDESCAT) i de l'Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), la qual cosa s'indica en les dades corresponents. En aquest casos, la presència d'algunes variacions en els criteris metodològics utilitzats pot afectar, tot i que molt lleugerament, al grau de comparabilitat d'aquestes dades.}, keywords = {Afers Socials, Economia, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } L'EUROBARÒMETRE SOCIAL DE CCOO DE CATALUNYA, elaborat pel Centre d'Estudis i Recerca Sindicals de CCOO, vol ésser una eina bàsica per a la consulta i l'anàlisi de les dades estadístiques relatives al desenvolupament econòmic, social i laboral de la Unió Europea, al mateix temps que esdevé un referent de caire comparatiu respecte a la realitat catalana. En definitiva, la seva finalitat és la d'aportar tot un seguit d'elements d'informació i d'anàlisi en uns moments en els quals, més enllà de la convergència econòmica, la construcció de l'Europa Social es troba en totes les agendes de les organitzacions sindicals. Pels motius abans esmentats, l'EUROSTAT, l'Oficina Estadística de les Comunitats Europees, constitueix la font bàsica per a l'elaboració de l'Eurobaròmetre Social de CCOO de Catalunya. D'aquesta manera, s'assegura el màxim nivell d'homogeneïtat i de comparabilitat de la informació recollida, per quant el tractament de les dades aportades pels diferents Estats de la Unió Europea reben un mateix tracte metodològic. Això no obstant, el menor desenvolupament de les estadístiques d'àmbit regional dins la Unió Europea, no sempre permet obtenir informació específica a nivell de Catalunya. Això ha implicat, en determinades ocasions, la utilització subsidiària de dades obtingudes directament de l'Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya (IDESCAT) i de l'Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), la qual cosa s'indica en les dades corresponents. En aquest casos, la presència d'algunes variacions en els criteris metodològics utilitzats pot afectar, tot i que molt lleugerament, al grau de comparabilitat d'aquestes dades. |
CTESC, Memòries CTESC En línea 2017, visitado: 06.07.2017. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Afers Socials, Economia, Treball @online{ctesc_memories_2017, title = {Memòries CTESC}, author = {{CTESC}}, url = {http://ctesc.gencat.cat/msil/index.html}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, urldate = {2017-07-06}, abstract = {En compliment de l'article 2 de la Llei 7/2005, de 8 de juny, del Consell de Treball, Econòmic i Social de Catalunya, el CTESC elabora, dins el primer semestre de cada any, una memòria en què es reflecteixen les seves consideracions respecte a la situació socioeconòmica i laboral de Catalunya, i una reflexió sobre la possible evolució d'aquesta situació.}, keywords = {Afers Socials, Economia, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } En compliment de l'article 2 de la Llei 7/2005, de 8 de juny, del Consell de Treball, Econòmic i Social de Catalunya, el CTESC elabora, dins el primer semestre de cada any, una memòria en què es reflecteixen les seves consideracions respecte a la situació socioeconòmica i laboral de Catalunya, i una reflexió sobre la possible evolució d'aquesta situació. |
CES, Revista Cauces En línea 2017, visitado: 06.07.2017. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Afers Socials, Economia, Treball @online{ces_revista_2017, title = {Revista Cauces}, author = {{CES}}, url = {http://www.ces.es/revista-cauces}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, urldate = {2017-07-06}, keywords = {Afers Socials, Economia, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } |
CTESC, Informe: La població de 45 a 64 anys en situació d'atur de llarga durada Libro CTESC, Barcelona, 2017, ISBN: 978-84-393-9571-3. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Adults, Treball @book{ctesc_informe:_2017, title = {Informe: La població de 45 a 64 anys en situació d'atur de llarga durada}, author = {{CTESC}}, url = {http://ctesc.gencat.cat/doc/doc_11696934_1.pdf}, isbn = {978-84-393-9571-3}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, publisher = {CTESC}, address = {Barcelona}, series = {Col·lecció d'Estudis i Informes, 43}, keywords = {Adults, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } |
2016 |
L{ó}pez-Andreu, Mart{í} ; Verd, Joan Miquel Employment instability and economic crisis in Spain: what are the elements that make a difference in the trajectories of younger adults? Artículo de revista European Societies, 18 (4), pp. 315–335, 2016, ISSN: 1461-6696. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Treball @article{Lopez-Andreu2016, title = {Employment instability and economic crisis in Spain: what are the elements that make a difference in the trajectories of younger adults?}, author = {L{ó}pez-Andreu, Mart{í} and Verd, Joan Miquel}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14616696.2016.1207791}, doi = {10.1080/14616696.2016.1207791}, issn = {1461-6696}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-08-01}, journal = {European Societies}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {315--335}, abstract = {textcopyright 2016 European Sociological Association.The article analyses the factors that have had a differential effect on the labour trajectories of individuals up to 40 years old during the economic and employment crisis in Spain. To this end, the study specifically examines labour trajectories in the period 2007–2011 using data from a longitudinal panel for Catalonia. First, it uses cluster analysis to classify the types of labour trajectory that were developed by the population aged under 40. Second, it uses a multinomial logit model to distinguish the individual, sectoral and familial characteristics influencing the development of a particular trajectory. The results show the importance of traditional lines of segmentation of the Spanish labour market, such as age and gender. However, they also highlight the importance of variables associated to social background (parents' educational level and occupation). It is concluded that the factors linked to the different types of labour trajectories are similar to those identified in the literature for previous periods, although the role of family background seems to be more important than in the past, especially in trajectories marked by temporary employment.}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } textcopyright 2016 European Sociological Association.The article analyses the factors that have had a differential effect on the labour trajectories of individuals up to 40 years old during the economic and employment crisis in Spain. To this end, the study specifically examines labour trajectories in the period 2007–2011 using data from a longitudinal panel for Catalonia. First, it uses cluster analysis to classify the types of labour trajectory that were developed by the population aged under 40. Second, it uses a multinomial logit model to distinguish the individual, sectoral and familial characteristics influencing the development of a particular trajectory. The results show the importance of traditional lines of segmentation of the Spanish labour market, such as age and gender. However, they also highlight the importance of variables associated to social background (parents' educational level and occupation). It is concluded that the factors linked to the different types of labour trajectories are similar to those identified in the literature for previous periods, although the role of family background seems to be more important than in the past, especially in trajectories marked by temporary employment. |
Juli{à}, Mireia ; Tarafa, Gemma ; O'Campo, Patricia ; Muntaner, Carles ; J{ó}dar, Pere ; Benach, Joan Informal employment in high-income countries for a health inequalities research: A scoping review Artículo de revista Work, 53 (2), pp. 347–356, 2016, ISSN: 10519815. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Treball @article{Julia2016, title = {Informal employment in high-income countries for a health inequalities research: A scoping review}, author = {Juli{à}, Mireia and Tarafa, Gemma and O'Campo, Patricia and Muntaner, Carles and J{ó}dar, Pere and Benach, Joan}, url = {http://www.medra.org/servlet/aliasResolver?alias=iospress&doi=10.3233/WOR-152176}, doi = {10.3233/WOR-152176}, issn = {10519815}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-02-01}, journal = {Work}, volume = {53}, number = {2}, pages = {347--356}, abstract = {textcopyright 2016 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND: Informal employment (IE) is one of the least studied employment conditions in public health research, mainly due to the difficulty of its conceptualization and its measurement, producing a lack of a unique concept and a common method of measurement. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to identify literature on IE in order to improve its definition and methods of measurement, with special attention given to high-income countries, to be able to study the possible impact on health inequalities within and between countries. METHODS: A scoping review of definitions and methods of measurement of IE was conducted reviewing relevant databases and grey literature and analyzing selected articles. RESULTS: We found a wide spectrum of terms for describing IE as well as definitions and methods of measurement. We provide a definition of IE to be used in health inequalities research in high-income countries. Direct methods such as surveys can capture more information about workers and firms in order to estimate IE. CONCLUSIONS: These results can be used in further investigations about the impacts of this IE on health inequalities. Public health research must improve monitoring and analysis of IE in order to know the impacts of this employment condition on health inequalities.}, keywords = {Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } textcopyright 2016 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND: Informal employment (IE) is one of the least studied employment conditions in public health research, mainly due to the difficulty of its conceptualization and its measurement, producing a lack of a unique concept and a common method of measurement. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to identify literature on IE in order to improve its definition and methods of measurement, with special attention given to high-income countries, to be able to study the possible impact on health inequalities within and between countries. METHODS: A scoping review of definitions and methods of measurement of IE was conducted reviewing relevant databases and grey literature and analyzing selected articles. RESULTS: We found a wide spectrum of terms for describing IE as well as definitions and methods of measurement. We provide a definition of IE to be used in health inequalities research in high-income countries. Direct methods such as surveys can capture more information about workers and firms in order to estimate IE. CONCLUSIONS: These results can be used in further investigations about the impacts of this IE on health inequalities. Public health research must improve monitoring and analysis of IE in order to know the impacts of this employment condition on health inequalities. |
Benach, J; Vives, A; Tarafa, G; Delclos, C; Muntaner, C What should we know about precarious employment and health in 2025? Framing the agenda for the next decade of research Artículo de revista International Journal of Epidemiology, 45 (1), 2016. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Salut, Treball @article{Benach2016, title = {What should we know about precarious employment and health in 2025? Framing the agenda for the next decade of research}, author = {Benach, J. and Vives, A. and Tarafa, G. and Delclos, C. and Muntaner, C.}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/45/1/232/2363833/What-should-we-know-about-precarious-employment}, doi = {10.1093/ije/dyv342}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Epidemiology}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, abstract = {textcopyright The Author 2016.The generalization of flexible labour markets, the declining influence of unions and the degradation of social protection has led to the emergence of new forms of employment at the expense of the Standard Employment Relationship, as well as a considerable amount of research across social and scientific disciplines. Years ago we suggested the urgent need to disentangle the consequences of new types of employment for the health and well-being of workers, contending that the study of precarious employment and health is in its infancy. Today, research challenges include clearer,more precise definitions of the original concepts, a more detailed understanding of the pathways and mechanisms through which precarious employment harms worker health, stronger information systems for monitoring the problem and a complex systems approach to employment conditions and health research. All of these must be guided by the theoretical and policy debates linking precarious employment and health, and be geared towards developing better tools for the design, implementation and evaluation of policies intended to minimize precariousness in the labour market and its effects on public health and health inequalities. Our aim in this paper is to outline an agenda for the next decade of research on precarious employment and health, establishing a compelling programme that expands our understanding of complex causes and links.}, keywords = {Salut, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } textcopyright The Author 2016.The generalization of flexible labour markets, the declining influence of unions and the degradation of social protection has led to the emergence of new forms of employment at the expense of the Standard Employment Relationship, as well as a considerable amount of research across social and scientific disciplines. Years ago we suggested the urgent need to disentangle the consequences of new types of employment for the health and well-being of workers, contending that the study of precarious employment and health is in its infancy. Today, research challenges include clearer,more precise definitions of the original concepts, a more detailed understanding of the pathways and mechanisms through which precarious employment harms worker health, stronger information systems for monitoring the problem and a complex systems approach to employment conditions and health research. All of these must be guided by the theoretical and policy debates linking precarious employment and health, and be geared towards developing better tools for the design, implementation and evaluation of policies intended to minimize precariousness in the labour market and its effects on public health and health inequalities. Our aim in this paper is to outline an agenda for the next decade of research on precarious employment and health, establishing a compelling programme that expands our understanding of complex causes and links. |
Córdoba-Doña, Juan Antonio; Escolar-Pujolar, Antonio; Sebastián, Miguel San; Gustafsson, Per E How are the employed and unemployed affected by the economic crisis in Spain? Educational inequalities, life conditions and mental health in a context of high unemployment. Artículo de revista BMC public health, 16 (1), 2016, ISSN: 1471-2458. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental, Treball @article{cordoba-dona_how_2016, title = {How are the employed and unemployed affected by the economic crisis in Spain? Educational inequalities, life conditions and mental health in a context of high unemployment.}, author = {Juan Antonio Córdoba-Doña and Antonio Escolar-Pujolar and Miguel San Sebastián and Per E Gustafsson}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-016-2934-z}, issn = {1471-2458}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite an increasing number of studies on the factors mediating the impact of the economic recession on mental health, research beyond the individual employment status is scarce. Our objectives were to investigate in which ways the mental health of employed and unemployed populations is differently affected by the current economic recession along the educational scale and to examine whether financial strain and social support explain these effects of the crisis.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: A repeated cross-sectional study, using two waves of the Andalusian Health Survey in 2007 (pre-crisis) and 2011-2012 (crisis). A population aged between 19 and 64 years was selected. The dependent variable was the Mental Component Summary of the SF-12 questionnaire. We performed Poisson regression models stratified by working status, with period, educational level, financial strain and social support as independent variables. We examined interactions between period and educational level. Age, sex, main earner, cohabitation and partner's working status were considered as covariates.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: The study included 3210 individuals (1185 women) in 2007 and 3633 individuals (1486 women) in 2011-2012. In working individuals the prevalence of poor mental health increased for secondary and complete primary studies groups during crisis compared to the pre-crisis period, while it decreased significantly in the university study group (PR = 0.76, 95 % CI: 0.58-0.99). However, in unemployed individuals prevalence ratios for poor mental health increased significantly only in the secondary studies group (PR = 1.73, 95 % CI: 1.06-2.83). Financial strain and social support yielded consistent associations with mental health in all subgroups. Only financial strain could partly explain the crisis effect on mental health among the unemployed.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the finding that current economic recession is associated with poorer mental health differentially according to labour market status and educational level. Those with secondary studies may be at risk in times of economic recession. In connection with this, emerging educational inequalities in mental health among the employed population were observed. Our research also suggests a partial mediating role of financial strain for the effects of crisis on poor mental health among the unemployed. Good social support appears to buffer poor mental health in all subgroups but not specifically during crisis period.}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Despite an increasing number of studies on the factors mediating the impact of the economic recession on mental health, research beyond the individual employment status is scarce. Our objectives were to investigate in which ways the mental health of employed and unemployed populations is differently affected by the current economic recession along the educational scale and to examine whether financial strain and social support explain these effects of the crisis.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: A repeated cross-sectional study, using two waves of the Andalusian Health Survey in 2007 (pre-crisis) and 2011-2012 (crisis). A population aged between 19 and 64 years was selected. The dependent variable was the Mental Component Summary of the SF-12 questionnaire. We performed Poisson regression models stratified by working status, with period, educational level, financial strain and social support as independent variables. We examined interactions between period and educational level. Age, sex, main earner, cohabitation and partner's working status were considered as covariates.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: The study included 3210 individuals (1185 women) in 2007 and 3633 individuals (1486 women) in 2011-2012. In working individuals the prevalence of poor mental health increased for secondary and complete primary studies groups during crisis compared to the pre-crisis period, while it decreased significantly in the university study group (PR = 0.76, 95 % CI: 0.58-0.99). However, in unemployed individuals prevalence ratios for poor mental health increased significantly only in the secondary studies group (PR = 1.73, 95 % CI: 1.06-2.83). Financial strain and social support yielded consistent associations with mental health in all subgroups. Only financial strain could partly explain the crisis effect on mental health among the unemployed.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the finding that current economic recession is associated with poorer mental health differentially according to labour market status and educational level. Those with secondary studies may be at risk in times of economic recession. In connection with this, emerging educational inequalities in mental health among the employed population were observed. Our research also suggests a partial mediating role of financial strain for the effects of crisis on poor mental health among the unemployed. Good social support appears to buffer poor mental health in all subgroups but not specifically during crisis period. |
Aerden, Karen Van; Puig-Barrachina, Vanessa; Bosmans, Kim; Vanroelen, Christophe How does employment quality relate to health and job satisfaction in Europe? A typological approach Artículo de revista Social Science and Medicine, 158 , 2016, ISSN: 18735347. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Salut, Treball @article{van_aerden_how_2016, title = {How does employment quality relate to health and job satisfaction in Europe? A typological approach}, author = {Karen Van Aerden and Vanessa Puig-Barrachina and Kim Bosmans and Christophe Vanroelen}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.04.017}, issn = {18735347}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Social Science and Medicine}, volume = {158}, abstract = {The changing nature of employment in recent decades, due to an increased emphasis on flexibility and competitiveness in European labour markets, compels the need to assess the consequences of contemporary employment situations for workers. This article aims to study the relation between the quality of employment and the health and well-being of European workers, using data from the 2010 European Working Conditions Survey. A typology of employment arrangements, mapping out employment quality in the European labour force, is constructed by means of a Latent Class Cluster Analysis. This innovative approach shows that it is possible to condense multiple factors characterising the employment situation into five job types: Standard Employment Relationship-like (SER-like), instrumental, precarious unsustainable, precarious intensive and portfolio jobs. Binary logistic regression analyses show that, controlling for other work quality characteristics, this employment quality typology is related to self-perceived job satisfaction, general health and mental health. Precarious intensive jobs are associated with the worst and SER-like jobs with the best health and well-being situation. The findings presented in this study indicate that, among European wage workers, flexible and de-standardised employment tends to be related to lower job satisfaction, general health and mental health. The quality of employment is thus identified as an important social determinant of health (inequalities) in Europe.}, keywords = {Salut, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The changing nature of employment in recent decades, due to an increased emphasis on flexibility and competitiveness in European labour markets, compels the need to assess the consequences of contemporary employment situations for workers. This article aims to study the relation between the quality of employment and the health and well-being of European workers, using data from the 2010 European Working Conditions Survey. A typology of employment arrangements, mapping out employment quality in the European labour force, is constructed by means of a Latent Class Cluster Analysis. This innovative approach shows that it is possible to condense multiple factors characterising the employment situation into five job types: Standard Employment Relationship-like (SER-like), instrumental, precarious unsustainable, precarious intensive and portfolio jobs. Binary logistic regression analyses show that, controlling for other work quality characteristics, this employment quality typology is related to self-perceived job satisfaction, general health and mental health. Precarious intensive jobs are associated with the worst and SER-like jobs with the best health and well-being situation. The findings presented in this study indicate that, among European wage workers, flexible and de-standardised employment tends to be related to lower job satisfaction, general health and mental health. The quality of employment is thus identified as an important social determinant of health (inequalities) in Europe. |
Bosmans, Kim; Hardonk, Stefan; Cuyper, Nele De; Vanroelen, Christophe Explaining the relation between precarious employment and mental well-being. A qualitative study among temporary agency workers Artículo de revista Work, 53 (2), 2016, ISSN: 10519815. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Salut Mental, Treball @article{bosmans_explaining_2016, title = {Explaining the relation between precarious employment and mental well-being. A qualitative study among temporary agency workers}, author = {Kim Bosmans and Stefan Hardonk and Nele De Cuyper and Christophe Vanroelen}, doi = {10.3233/WOR-152136}, issn = {10519815}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Work}, volume = {53}, number = {2}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: From an employee-perspective, temporary agency employment can be considered in two ways. According to the first perspective, agency jobs are associated with job characteristics that adversely affect (mental) health: job insecurity, low wages, a lack of benefits, little training, poorer prospects for the future, high working time flexibility, minimal trade union representation and problematic triadic employment relations. The other perspective underlines that flexibility, learning opportunities and freedom in agency employment enable workers to build the career of their choice, which may positively affect health and well-being. OBJECTIVE: This article aims at interpreting and explaining these conflicting perspectives. In particular, we discuss the role of coping resources (control, support, trust and equity) in the stress pathway between characteristics of temporary agency employment and mental well-being. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews with 12 Belgian temporary agency workers were conducted and analysed from a phenomenological perspective. RESULTS: The results reveal mainly how a lack of coping resources plays a key role in how (precarious) characteristics of temporary agency employment affect employees' mental well-being. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates one of the earlier assumed pathways, in which coping resources play an intermediary as well as a moderating role.}, keywords = {Salut Mental, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: From an employee-perspective, temporary agency employment can be considered in two ways. According to the first perspective, agency jobs are associated with job characteristics that adversely affect (mental) health: job insecurity, low wages, a lack of benefits, little training, poorer prospects for the future, high working time flexibility, minimal trade union representation and problematic triadic employment relations. The other perspective underlines that flexibility, learning opportunities and freedom in agency employment enable workers to build the career of their choice, which may positively affect health and well-being. OBJECTIVE: This article aims at interpreting and explaining these conflicting perspectives. In particular, we discuss the role of coping resources (control, support, trust and equity) in the stress pathway between characteristics of temporary agency employment and mental well-being. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews with 12 Belgian temporary agency workers were conducted and analysed from a phenomenological perspective. RESULTS: The results reveal mainly how a lack of coping resources plays a key role in how (precarious) characteristics of temporary agency employment affect employees' mental well-being. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates one of the earlier assumed pathways, in which coping resources play an intermediary as well as a moderating role. |
2015 |
Vives, Alejandra ; Gonz{á}lez, Francisca ; Moncada, Salvador ; Llorens, Clara ; Benach, Joan Measuring precarious employment in times of crisis: the revised Employment Precariousness Scale (EPRES) in Spain Artículo de revista Gaceta Sanitaria, 29 (5), pp. 379–382, 2015, ISSN: 02139111. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Treball @article{Vives2015, title = {Measuring precarious employment in times of crisis: the revised Employment Precariousness Scale (EPRES) in Spain}, author = {Vives, Alejandra and Gonz{á}lez, Francisca and Moncada, Salvador and Llorens, Clara and Benach, Joan}, doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2015.06.008}, issn = {02139111}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-09-01}, journal = {Gaceta Sanitaria}, volume = {29}, number = {5}, pages = {379--382}, abstract = {textcopyright 2015 SESPAS.Objective: This study examines the psychometric properties of the revised Employment Precariousness Scale (EPRES-2010) in a context of economic crisis and growing unemployment. Methods: Data correspond to salaried workers with a contract (n = 4,750) from the second Psychosocial Work Environment Survey (Spain, 2010). Analyses included acceptability, scale score distributions, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and exploratory factor analysis. Results: Response rates were 80% or above, scores were widely distributed with reductions in floor effects for temporariness among permanent workers and for vulnerability. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.70 or above; exploratory factor analysis confirmed the theoretical allocation of 21 out of 22 items. Conclusion: The revised version of the EPRES demonstrated good metric properties and improved sensitivity to worker vulnerability and employment instability among permanent workers. Furthermore, it was sensitive to increased levels of precariousness in some dimensions despite decreases in others, demonstrating responsiveness to the context of the economic crisis affecting the Spanish labour market.}, keywords = {Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } textcopyright 2015 SESPAS.Objective: This study examines the psychometric properties of the revised Employment Precariousness Scale (EPRES-2010) in a context of economic crisis and growing unemployment. Methods: Data correspond to salaried workers with a contract (n = 4,750) from the second Psychosocial Work Environment Survey (Spain, 2010). Analyses included acceptability, scale score distributions, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and exploratory factor analysis. Results: Response rates were 80% or above, scores were widely distributed with reductions in floor effects for temporariness among permanent workers and for vulnerability. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.70 or above; exploratory factor analysis confirmed the theoretical allocation of 21 out of 22 items. Conclusion: The revised version of the EPRES demonstrated good metric properties and improved sensitivity to worker vulnerability and employment instability among permanent workers. Furthermore, it was sensitive to increased levels of precariousness in some dimensions despite decreases in others, demonstrating responsiveness to the context of the economic crisis affecting the Spanish labour market. |
Kim, Tae Jun; von dem Knesebeck, Olaf Is an insecure job better for health than having no job at all? A systematic review of studies investigating the health-related risks of both job insecurity and unemployment Artículo de revista BMC Public Health, 15 (1), pp. 985, 2015, ISSN: 1471-2458. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Salut, Treball @article{kim_is_2015, title = {Is an insecure job better for health than having no job at all? A systematic review of studies investigating the health-related risks of both job insecurity and unemployment}, author = {Tae Jun Kim and Olaf von dem Knesebeck}, url = {http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-015-2313-1}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-015-2313-1}, issn = {1471-2458}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {985}, abstract = {BACKGROUND Though previous research repeatedly found that being employed is better for health than having no job at all, evidence suggests that employment is not always beneficial for health. With especially job insecurity reflecting a contemporary health risk for the employed, a systematic review was performed to assess if insecure employment can be as detrimental for health as unemployment, and to determine whether these associations vary according to different health measures and among men and women. METHODS The literature search was conducted in the databases Medline, Embase and PsychInfo. In order to allow a more accurate comparison between the two risk factors, studies were included if the data for job insecurity and unemployment was ascertained from the same sample, and contained a quantitative analysis for both exposures towards one (or more) health outcome(s). RESULTS Out of 375 articles, in total, 13 studies were included in the systematic review. In 24 analyses contrasting the health-related associations between job insecurity and unemployment, 16 statistically significant associations were found for each exposure. According to the different health outcomes used, job insecurity and unemployment were strongly related to mental health, whereas job insecurity was more strongly associated with somatic symptoms. Unemployment showed stronger relations with worse general health and mortality. In 4 out of 16 gender-stratified analyses, significant associations between job insecurity/unemployment and health were found for men but not for women. Beyond that, associations were significant or insignificant in both gender groups. CONCLUSIONS Though there were moderate differences across the health outcomes, overall, it was found that job insecurity can pose a comparable threat to health than unemployment. Policy interventions should therefore not only consider health risks posed by unemployment, but should also aim at the reduction of insecure employment.}, keywords = {Salut, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND Though previous research repeatedly found that being employed is better for health than having no job at all, evidence suggests that employment is not always beneficial for health. With especially job insecurity reflecting a contemporary health risk for the employed, a systematic review was performed to assess if insecure employment can be as detrimental for health as unemployment, and to determine whether these associations vary according to different health measures and among men and women. METHODS The literature search was conducted in the databases Medline, Embase and PsychInfo. In order to allow a more accurate comparison between the two risk factors, studies were included if the data for job insecurity and unemployment was ascertained from the same sample, and contained a quantitative analysis for both exposures towards one (or more) health outcome(s). RESULTS Out of 375 articles, in total, 13 studies were included in the systematic review. In 24 analyses contrasting the health-related associations between job insecurity and unemployment, 16 statistically significant associations were found for each exposure. According to the different health outcomes used, job insecurity and unemployment were strongly related to mental health, whereas job insecurity was more strongly associated with somatic symptoms. Unemployment showed stronger relations with worse general health and mortality. In 4 out of 16 gender-stratified analyses, significant associations between job insecurity/unemployment and health were found for men but not for women. Beyond that, associations were significant or insignificant in both gender groups. CONCLUSIONS Though there were moderate differences across the health outcomes, overall, it was found that job insecurity can pose a comparable threat to health than unemployment. Policy interventions should therefore not only consider health risks posed by unemployment, but should also aim at the reduction of insecure employment. |
Urbanos-Garrido, Rosa M; Lopez-Valcarcel, Beatriz G The influence of the economic crisis on the association between unemployment and health: an empirical analysis for Spain Artículo de revista The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care, 16 (2), 2015, ISSN: 16187601. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Salut, Treball @article{urbanos-garrido_influence_2015, title = {The influence of the economic crisis on the association between unemployment and health: an empirical analysis for Spain}, author = {Rosa M Urbanos-Garrido and Beatriz G Lopez-Valcarcel}, doi = {10.1007/s10198-014-0563-y}, issn = {16187601}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To estimate the impact of (particularly long-term) unemployment on the overall and mental health of the Spanish working-age population and to check whether the effects of unemployment on health have increased or been tempered as a consequence of the economic crisis. METHODS: We apply a matching technique to cross-sectional microdata from the Spanish Health Survey for the years 2006 and 2011-2012 to estimate the average treatment effect of unemployment on self-assessed health (SAH) in the last year, mental problems in the last year and on the mental health risk in the short term. We also use a differences-in-differences estimation method between the two periods to check if the impact of unemployment on health depends on the economic context. RESULTS: Unemployment has a significant negative impact on both SAH and mental health. This impact is particularly high for the long-term unemployed. With respect to the impact on mental health, negative effects significantly worsen with the economic crisis. For the full model, the changes in effects of long-term unemployment on mental problems and mental health risk are, respectively, 0.35 (CI 0.19-0.50) and 0.20 (CI 0.07-0.34). CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and stress about the future associated with unemployment could have a large impact on individuals' health. It may be necessary to prevent health deterioration in vulnerable groups such as the unemployed, and also to monitor specific health risks that arise in recessions, such as psychological problems.}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Salut, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } OBJECTIVES: To estimate the impact of (particularly long-term) unemployment on the overall and mental health of the Spanish working-age population and to check whether the effects of unemployment on health have increased or been tempered as a consequence of the economic crisis. METHODS: We apply a matching technique to cross-sectional microdata from the Spanish Health Survey for the years 2006 and 2011-2012 to estimate the average treatment effect of unemployment on self-assessed health (SAH) in the last year, mental problems in the last year and on the mental health risk in the short term. We also use a differences-in-differences estimation method between the two periods to check if the impact of unemployment on health depends on the economic context. RESULTS: Unemployment has a significant negative impact on both SAH and mental health. This impact is particularly high for the long-term unemployed. With respect to the impact on mental health, negative effects significantly worsen with the economic crisis. For the full model, the changes in effects of long-term unemployment on mental problems and mental health risk are, respectively, 0.35 (CI 0.19-0.50) and 0.20 (CI 0.07-0.34). CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and stress about the future associated with unemployment could have a large impact on individuals' health. It may be necessary to prevent health deterioration in vulnerable groups such as the unemployed, and also to monitor specific health risks that arise in recessions, such as psychological problems. |
Benach, Joan; Julià, Mireia; Tarafa, Gemma; Mir, Jordi; Molinero, Emilia; Vives, Alejandra La precariedad laboral medida de forma multidimensional: distribución social y asociación con la salud en Cataluña Artículo de revista Gaceta Sanitaria, 29 (5), pp. 375–378, 2015, ISSN: 02139111. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Espanya, Salut, Treball @article{benach_precariedad_2015, title = {La precariedad laboral medida de forma multidimensional: distribución social y asociación con la salud en Cataluña}, author = {Joan Benach and Mireia Julià and Gemma Tarafa and Jordi Mir and Emilia Molinero and Alejandra Vives}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0213911115000655}, doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2015.04.002}, issn = {02139111}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Gaceta Sanitaria}, volume = {29}, number = {5}, pages = {375--378}, abstract = {Objective: To show the prevalence of precarious employment in Catalonia (Spain) for the first time and its association with mental and self-rated health, measured with a multidimensional scale. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the II Catalan Working Conditions Survey (2010) with a subsample of employed workers with a contract. The prevalence of precarious employment using a multidimensional scale and its association with health was calculated using multivariate log-binomial regression stratified by gender. Results: The prevalence of precarious employment in Catalonia was high (42.6%). We found higher precariousness in women, youth, immigrants, and manual and less educated workers. There was a positive gradient in the association between precarious employment and poor health. Conclusions: Precarious employment is associated with poor health in the working population. Working conditions surveys should include questions on precarious employment and health indicators, which would allow monitoring and subsequent analyses of health inequalities.}, keywords = {Espanya, Salut, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objective: To show the prevalence of precarious employment in Catalonia (Spain) for the first time and its association with mental and self-rated health, measured with a multidimensional scale. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the II Catalan Working Conditions Survey (2010) with a subsample of employed workers with a contract. The prevalence of precarious employment using a multidimensional scale and its association with health was calculated using multivariate log-binomial regression stratified by gender. Results: The prevalence of precarious employment in Catalonia was high (42.6%). We found higher precariousness in women, youth, immigrants, and manual and less educated workers. There was a positive gradient in the association between precarious employment and poor health. Conclusions: Precarious employment is associated with poor health in the working population. Working conditions surveys should include questions on precarious employment and health indicators, which would allow monitoring and subsequent analyses of health inequalities. |
2014 |
Robert, Gemma; Martinez, J M; Garcia, A M; Benavides, Fernando G; Ronda, Elena From the boom to the crisis: changes in employment conditions of immigrants in Spain and their effects on mental health Artículo de revista The European Journal of Public Health, 24 (3), pp. 404–409, 2014, ISSN: 1101-1262. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Immigrants, Treball @article{robert_boom_2014, title = {From the boom to the crisis: changes in employment conditions of immigrants in Spain and their effects on mental health}, author = {Gemma Robert and J M Martinez and A M Garcia and Fernando G Benavides and Elena Ronda}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/eurpub/cku020}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/cku020}, issn = {1101-1262}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-06-01}, journal = {The European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {24}, number = {3}, pages = {404--409}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Migrant workers have been one of the groups most affected by the economic crisis. This study evaluates the influence of changes in employment conditions on the incidence of poor mental health of immigrant workers in Spain, after a period of 3 years, in context of economic crisis.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: Follow-up survey was conducted at two time points, 2008 and 2011, with a reference population of 318 workers from Colombia, Ecuador, Morocco and Romania residing in Spain. Individuals from this population who reported good mental health in the 2008 survey (n = 214) were interviewed again in 2011 to evaluate their mental health status and the effects of their different employment situations since 2008 by calculating crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for sociodemographic and employment characteristics.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nFINDINGS: There was an increased risk of poor mental health in workers who lost their jobs (aOR = 3.62, 95%CI: 1.64-7.96), whose number of working hours increased (aOR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.02-5.44), whose monthly income decreased (aOR = 2.75, 95%CI: 1.08-7.00) or who remained within the low-income bracket. This was also the case for people whose legal status (permission for working and residing in Spain) was temporary or permanent compared with those with Spanish nationality (aOR = 3.32, 95%CI: 1.15-9.58) or illegal (aOR = 17.34, 95%CI: 1.96-153.23). In contrast, a decreased risk was observed among those who attained their registration under Spanish Social Security system (aOR = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.02-0.48).$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSION: There was an increase in poor mental health among immigrant workers who experienced deterioration in their employment conditions, probably influenced by the economic crisis.}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Immigrants, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Migrant workers have been one of the groups most affected by the economic crisis. This study evaluates the influence of changes in employment conditions on the incidence of poor mental health of immigrant workers in Spain, after a period of 3 years, in context of economic crisis.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: Follow-up survey was conducted at two time points, 2008 and 2011, with a reference population of 318 workers from Colombia, Ecuador, Morocco and Romania residing in Spain. Individuals from this population who reported good mental health in the 2008 survey (n = 214) were interviewed again in 2011 to evaluate their mental health status and the effects of their different employment situations since 2008 by calculating crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for sociodemographic and employment characteristics.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nFINDINGS: There was an increased risk of poor mental health in workers who lost their jobs (aOR = 3.62, 95%CI: 1.64-7.96), whose number of working hours increased (aOR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.02-5.44), whose monthly income decreased (aOR = 2.75, 95%CI: 1.08-7.00) or who remained within the low-income bracket. This was also the case for people whose legal status (permission for working and residing in Spain) was temporary or permanent compared with those with Spanish nationality (aOR = 3.32, 95%CI: 1.15-9.58) or illegal (aOR = 17.34, 95%CI: 1.96-153.23). In contrast, a decreased risk was observed among those who attained their registration under Spanish Social Security system (aOR = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.02-0.48).$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSION: There was an increase in poor mental health among immigrant workers who experienced deterioration in their employment conditions, probably influenced by the economic crisis. |
Benach, J; Vives, A; Amable, M; Vanroelen, C; Tarafa, G; Muntaner, C Precarious employment: Understanding an emerging social determinant of health Libro 2014. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Salut, Treball @book{Benach2014, title = {Precarious employment: Understanding an emerging social determinant of health}, author = {Benach, J. and Vives, A. and Amable, M. and Vanroelen, C. and Tarafa, G. and Muntaner, C.}, url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182500}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182500}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, booktitle = {Annual Review of Public Health}, volume = {35}, abstract = {Employment precariousness is a social determinant that affects the health of workers, families, and communities. Its recent popularity has been spearheaded by three main developments: the surge in "flexible employment" and its associated erosion of workers' employment and working conditions since the mid-1970s; the growing interest in social determinants of health, including employment conditions; and the availability of new data and information systems. This article identifies the historical, economic, and political factors that link precarious employment to health and health equity; reviews concepts, models, instruments, and findings on precarious employment and health inequalities; summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of this literature; and highlights substantive and methodological challenges that need to be addressed. We identify two crucial future aims: to provide a compelling research program that expands our understanding of employment precariousness and to develop and evaluate policy programs that effectively put an end to its health-related impacts. textcopyright2014 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {Salut, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } Employment precariousness is a social determinant that affects the health of workers, families, and communities. Its recent popularity has been spearheaded by three main developments: the surge in "flexible employment" and its associated erosion of workers' employment and working conditions since the mid-1970s; the growing interest in social determinants of health, including employment conditions; and the availability of new data and information systems. This article identifies the historical, economic, and political factors that link precarious employment to health and health equity; reviews concepts, models, instruments, and findings on precarious employment and health inequalities; summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of this literature; and highlights substantive and methodological challenges that need to be addressed. We identify two crucial future aims: to provide a compelling research program that expands our understanding of employment precariousness and to develop and evaluate policy programs that effectively put an end to its health-related impacts. textcopyright2014 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved. |
2013 |
Campos-Serna, Javier; Ronda-Pérez, Elena; Artazcoz, Lucia; Moen, Bente E; Benavides, Fernando G Gender inequalities in occupational health related to the unequal distribution of working and employment conditions: a systematic review Artículo de revista International Journal for Equity in Health, 12 (1), 2013, ISSN: 1475-9276. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Génere, Treball @article{campos-serna_gender_2013, title = {Gender inequalities in occupational health related to the unequal distribution of working and employment conditions: a systematic review}, author = {Javier Campos-Serna and Elena Ronda-Pérez and Lucia Artazcoz and Bente E Moen and Fernando G Benavides}, doi = {10.1186/1475-9276-12-57}, issn = {1475-9276}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {International Journal for Equity in Health}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Gender inequalities exist in work life, but little is known about their presence in relation to factors examined in occupation health settings. The aim of this study was to identify and summarize the working and employment conditions described as determinants of gender inequalities in occupational health in studies related to occupational health published between 1999 and 2010.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: A systematic literature review was undertaken of studies available in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Sociological Abstracts, LILACS, EconLit and CINAHL between 1999 and 2010. Epidemiologic studies were selected by applying a set of inclusion criteria to the title, abstract, and complete text. The quality of the studies was also assessed. Selected studies were qualitatively analysed, resulting in a compilation of all differences between women and men in the prevalence of exposure to working and employment conditions and work-related health problems as outcomes.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: Most of the 30 studies included were conducted in Europe (n=19) and had a cross-sectional design (n=24). The most common topic analysed was related to the exposure to work-related psychosocial hazards (n=8). Employed women had more job insecurity, lower control, worse contractual working conditions and poorer self-perceived physical and mental health than men did. Conversely, employed men had a higher degree of physically demanding work, lower support, higher levels of effort-reward imbalance, higher job status, were more exposed to noise and worked longer hours than women did.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSIONS: This systematic review has identified a set of working and employment conditions as determinants of gender inequalities in occupational health from the occupational health literature. These results may be useful to policy makers seeking to reduce gender inequalities in occupational health, and to researchers wishing to analyse these determinants in greater depth.}, keywords = {Génere, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } INTRODUCTION: Gender inequalities exist in work life, but little is known about their presence in relation to factors examined in occupation health settings. The aim of this study was to identify and summarize the working and employment conditions described as determinants of gender inequalities in occupational health in studies related to occupational health published between 1999 and 2010.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: A systematic literature review was undertaken of studies available in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Sociological Abstracts, LILACS, EconLit and CINAHL between 1999 and 2010. Epidemiologic studies were selected by applying a set of inclusion criteria to the title, abstract, and complete text. The quality of the studies was also assessed. Selected studies were qualitatively analysed, resulting in a compilation of all differences between women and men in the prevalence of exposure to working and employment conditions and work-related health problems as outcomes.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: Most of the 30 studies included were conducted in Europe (n=19) and had a cross-sectional design (n=24). The most common topic analysed was related to the exposure to work-related psychosocial hazards (n=8). Employed women had more job insecurity, lower control, worse contractual working conditions and poorer self-perceived physical and mental health than men did. Conversely, employed men had a higher degree of physically demanding work, lower support, higher levels of effort-reward imbalance, higher job status, were more exposed to noise and worked longer hours than women did.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSIONS: This systematic review has identified a set of working and employment conditions as determinants of gender inequalities in occupational health from the occupational health literature. These results may be useful to policy makers seeking to reduce gender inequalities in occupational health, and to researchers wishing to analyse these determinants in greater depth. |
2012 |
Bartelheimer, Peter ; Verd, Joan Miquel ; Lehwess-Litzmann, Ren{é} ; L{ó}pez-Andreu, Mart{í} ; Schmidt, Tanja Unemployment, intervention and capabilities. A comparative study of Germany and Spain Artículo de revista Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 18 (1), pp. 31–44, 2012, ISSN: 1024-2589. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Treball @article{Bartelheimer2012a, title = {Unemployment, intervention and capabilities. A comparative study of Germany and Spain}, author = {Bartelheimer, Peter and Verd, Joan Miquel and Lehwess-Litzmann, Ren{é} and L{ó}pez-Andreu, Mart{í} and Schmidt, Tanja}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1024258911431199}, doi = {10.1177/1024258911431199}, issn = {1024-2589}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-02-01}, journal = {Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research}, volume = {18}, number = {1}, pages = {31--44}, abstract = {Over the past 20 years, the social protection measures devoted to unemployed people in Europe have become more diverse. In an attempt to complement or curb cash transfers, many countries have put measures, services in kind and activation policies at the centre of social protection against unemployment. This article compares two countries with different policies: Spain, which still has very ‘traditional' unemployment support with little emphasis on activation, and Germany, where there has in recent years been rapid change towards activation measures. The article evaluates these policies and their consequences on the unemployed by means of the capability model, investigating comparatively the effects of institutional intervention on the real set of options available to the unemployed in finding a decent job or pursuing training or other activities. The authors argue that cash transfers can increase capabilities ‘by default', whereas more intervention-oriented public employment services need to give unemployed workers an active part in ‘tailoring' supports to their needs. En Europe, au cours de ces 20 dernières années, les mesures de protection sociale destinées aux chômeurs ont connu une diversification croissante. Pour tenter de compléter ou de réduire les transferts d'argent, de nombreux pays ont placé des mesures, des services en nature et des politiques d'activation au coeur de la protection sociale contre le chômage. Cet article compare deux pays menant des politiques différentes: l'Espagne, qui connaît toujours un soutien très « traditionnel » en faveur des chômeurs et met peu l'accent sur l'activation, et l'Allemagne, qui a connu ces dernières années un changement rapide en faveur des mesures d'activation. L'article évalue ces politiques et leurs conséquences sur les chômeurs au moyen du modèle des capacités, en étudiant dans une perspective comparative les effets de l'intervention institutionnelle sur l'éventail des options réellement disponibles aux chômeurs pour trouver un emploi décent, pour suivre une formation ou pour mener d'autres activités. Les auteurs indiquent que les transferts d'argent peuvent accroître les capacités « par défaut » alors que les services publics de l'emploi davantage axés sur l'orientation doivent donner aux travailleurs sans emploi un rôle actif pour que les soutiens apportés soient davantage « taillés sur mesure », en fonction de leurs besoins. In den vergangenen zwanzig Jahren haben sich die sozialen Sicherungen für Arbeitslose in Europa ausdifferenziert. Um Geldleistungen zu ergänzen oder zu beschneiden, haben viele Staaten Dienstleistungen und Aktivierungsmaßnahmen in den Mittelpunkt der sozialen Sicherung bei Arbeitslosigkeit gestellt. Dieser Artikel vergleicht zwei Länder, deren politische Strategien sich unterscheiden: Spanien erbringt vor allem “traditionelle” Lohnersatzleistungen und verfolgt kaum aktivierende Ansätze, wogegen Deutschland in den letzten Jahren rasch auf einen Aktivierungskurs einschwenkte. Dieser Artikel nutzt das Modell der Verwirklichungschancen (“capabilities”), um diese politischen Strategien und ihre Wirkungen für die Arbeitslosen zu evaluieren. Er untersucht vergleichend, wie die institutionellen Interventionen sich auf die Bündel wirklicher Optionen auswirken, über die Arbeitslose verfügen, um eine angemessene Stelle zu finden, sich beruflich weiterzubilden oder anderen Aktivitäten nachzugehen. Der Autorin und den Autoren zufolge können Lohnersatzleistungen als “hilfsweise” chancenfreundlich gelten. Eine stärker auf Intervention orientierte Arbeitsverwaltung müsste jedoch Arbeitsuchende aktiver daran beteiligen, Unterstützungsleistungen “passgenau” an ihren Bedarfen auszurichten. textcopyright 2012, European Trade Union Institute. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over the past 20 years, the social protection measures devoted to unemployed people in Europe have become more diverse. In an attempt to complement or curb cash transfers, many countries have put measures, services in kind and activation policies at the centre of social protection against unemployment. This article compares two countries with different policies: Spain, which still has very ‘traditional' unemployment support with little emphasis on activation, and Germany, where there has in recent years been rapid change towards activation measures. The article evaluates these policies and their consequences on the unemployed by means of the capability model, investigating comparatively the effects of institutional intervention on the real set of options available to the unemployed in finding a decent job or pursuing training or other activities. The authors argue that cash transfers can increase capabilities ‘by default', whereas more intervention-oriented public employment services need to give unemployed workers an active part in ‘tailoring' supports to their needs. En Europe, au cours de ces 20 dernières années, les mesures de protection sociale destinées aux chômeurs ont connu une diversification croissante. Pour tenter de compléter ou de réduire les transferts d'argent, de nombreux pays ont placé des mesures, des services en nature et des politiques d'activation au coeur de la protection sociale contre le chômage. Cet article compare deux pays menant des politiques différentes: l'Espagne, qui connaît toujours un soutien très « traditionnel » en faveur des chômeurs et met peu l'accent sur l'activation, et l'Allemagne, qui a connu ces dernières années un changement rapide en faveur des mesures d'activation. L'article évalue ces politiques et leurs conséquences sur les chômeurs au moyen du modèle des capacités, en étudiant dans une perspective comparative les effets de l'intervention institutionnelle sur l'éventail des options réellement disponibles aux chômeurs pour trouver un emploi décent, pour suivre une formation ou pour mener d'autres activités. Les auteurs indiquent que les transferts d'argent peuvent accroître les capacités « par défaut » alors que les services publics de l'emploi davantage axés sur l'orientation doivent donner aux travailleurs sans emploi un rôle actif pour que les soutiens apportés soient davantage « taillés sur mesure », en fonction de leurs besoins. In den vergangenen zwanzig Jahren haben sich die sozialen Sicherungen für Arbeitslose in Europa ausdifferenziert. Um Geldleistungen zu ergänzen oder zu beschneiden, haben viele Staaten Dienstleistungen und Aktivierungsmaßnahmen in den Mittelpunkt der sozialen Sicherung bei Arbeitslosigkeit gestellt. Dieser Artikel vergleicht zwei Länder, deren politische Strategien sich unterscheiden: Spanien erbringt vor allem “traditionelle” Lohnersatzleistungen und verfolgt kaum aktivierende Ansätze, wogegen Deutschland in den letzten Jahren rasch auf einen Aktivierungskurs einschwenkte. Dieser Artikel nutzt das Modell der Verwirklichungschancen (“capabilities”), um diese politischen Strategien und ihre Wirkungen für die Arbeitslosen zu evaluieren. Er untersucht vergleichend, wie die institutionellen Interventionen sich auf die Bündel wirklicher Optionen auswirken, über die Arbeitslose verfügen, um eine angemessene Stelle zu finden, sich beruflich weiterzubilden oder anderen Aktivitäten nachzugehen. Der Autorin und den Autoren zufolge können Lohnersatzleistungen als “hilfsweise” chancenfreundlich gelten. Eine stärker auf Intervention orientierte Arbeitsverwaltung müsste jedoch Arbeitsuchende aktiver daran beteiligen, Unterstützungsleistungen “passgenau” an ihren Bedarfen auszurichten. textcopyright 2012, European Trade Union Institute. All rights reserved. |
Bartelheimer, Peter ; Verd, Joan Miquel ; Lehwess-Litzmann, Ren{é} ; L{ó}pez-Andreu, Mart{í} ; Schmidt, Tanja Unemployment, intervention and capabilities. A comparative study of Germany and Spain Artículo de revista Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 18 (1), pp. 31–44, 2012, ISSN: 1024-2589. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Treball @article{Bartelheimer2012, title = {Unemployment, intervention and capabilities. A comparative study of Germany and Spain}, author = {Bartelheimer, Peter and Verd, Joan Miquel and Lehwess-Litzmann, Ren{é} and L{ó}pez-Andreu, Mart{í} and Schmidt, Tanja}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1024258911431199}, doi = {10.1177/1024258911431199}, issn = {1024-2589}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research}, volume = {18}, number = {1}, pages = {31--44}, abstract = {Over the past 20 years, the social protection measures devoted to unemployed people in Europe have become more diverse. In an attempt to complement or curb cash transfers, many countries have put measures, services in kind and activation policies at the centre of social protection against unemployment. This article compares two countries with different policies: Spain, which still has very ‘traditional' unemployment support with little emphasis on activation, and Germany, where there has in recent years been rapid change towards activation measures. The article evaluates these policies and their consequences on the unemployed by means of the capability model, investigating comparatively the effects of institutional intervention on the real set of options available to the unemployed in finding a decent job or pursuing training or other activities. The authors argue that cash transfers can increase capabilities ‘by default', whereas more intervention-oriented public employment services need to give unemployed workers an active part in ‘tailoring' supports to their needs. En Europe, au cours de ces 20 dernières années, les mesures de protection sociale destinées aux chômeurs ont connu une diversification croissante. Pour tenter de compléter ou de réduire les transferts d'argent, de nombreux pays ont placé des mesures, des services en nature et des politiques d'activation au coeur de la protection sociale contre le chômage. Cet article compare deux pays menant des politiques différentes: l'Espagne, qui connaît toujours un soutien très « traditionnel » en faveur des chômeurs et met peu l'accent sur l'activation, et l'Allemagne, qui a connu ces dernières années un changement rapide en faveur des mesures d'activation. L'article évalue ces politiques et leurs conséquences sur les chômeurs au moyen du modèle des capacités, en étudiant dans une perspective comparative les effets de l'intervention institutionnelle sur l'éventail des options réellement disponibles aux chômeurs pour trouver un emploi décent, pour suivre une formation ou pour mener d'autres activités. Les auteurs indiquent que les transferts d'argent peuvent accroître les capacités « par défaut » alors que les services publics de l'emploi davantage axés sur l'orientation doivent donner aux travailleurs sans emploi un rôle actif pour que les soutiens apportés soient davantage « taillés sur mesure », en fonction de leurs besoins. In den vergangenen zwanzig Jahren haben sich die sozialen Sicherungen für Arbeitslose in Europa ausdifferenziert. Um Geldleistungen zu ergänzen oder zu beschneiden, haben viele Staaten Dienstleistungen und Aktivierungsmaßnahmen in den Mittelpunkt der sozialen Sicherung bei Arbeitslosigkeit gestellt. Dieser Artikel vergleicht zwei Länder, deren politische Strategien sich unterscheiden: Spanien erbringt vor allem “traditionelle” Lohnersatzleistungen und verfolgt kaum aktivierende Ansätze, wogegen Deutschland in den letzten Jahren rasch auf einen Aktivierungskurs einschwenkte. Dieser Artikel nutzt das Modell der Verwirklichungschancen (“capabilities”), um diese politischen Strategien und ihre Wirkungen für die Arbeitslosen zu evaluieren. Er untersucht vergleichend, wie die institutionellen Interventionen sich auf die Bündel wirklicher Optionen auswirken, über die Arbeitslose verfügen, um eine angemessene Stelle zu finden, sich beruflich weiterzubilden oder anderen Aktivitäten nachzugehen. Der Autorin und den Autoren zufolge können Lohnersatzleistungen als “hilfsweise” chancenfreundlich gelten. Eine stärker auf Intervention orientierte Arbeitsverwaltung müsste jedoch Arbeitsuchende aktiver daran beteiligen, Unterstützungsleistungen “passgenau” an ihren Bedarfen auszurichten. textcopyright 2012, European Trade Union Institute. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over the past 20 years, the social protection measures devoted to unemployed people in Europe have become more diverse. In an attempt to complement or curb cash transfers, many countries have put measures, services in kind and activation policies at the centre of social protection against unemployment. This article compares two countries with different policies: Spain, which still has very ‘traditional' unemployment support with little emphasis on activation, and Germany, where there has in recent years been rapid change towards activation measures. The article evaluates these policies and their consequences on the unemployed by means of the capability model, investigating comparatively the effects of institutional intervention on the real set of options available to the unemployed in finding a decent job or pursuing training or other activities. The authors argue that cash transfers can increase capabilities ‘by default', whereas more intervention-oriented public employment services need to give unemployed workers an active part in ‘tailoring' supports to their needs. En Europe, au cours de ces 20 dernières années, les mesures de protection sociale destinées aux chômeurs ont connu une diversification croissante. Pour tenter de compléter ou de réduire les transferts d'argent, de nombreux pays ont placé des mesures, des services en nature et des politiques d'activation au coeur de la protection sociale contre le chômage. Cet article compare deux pays menant des politiques différentes: l'Espagne, qui connaît toujours un soutien très « traditionnel » en faveur des chômeurs et met peu l'accent sur l'activation, et l'Allemagne, qui a connu ces dernières années un changement rapide en faveur des mesures d'activation. L'article évalue ces politiques et leurs conséquences sur les chômeurs au moyen du modèle des capacités, en étudiant dans une perspective comparative les effets de l'intervention institutionnelle sur l'éventail des options réellement disponibles aux chômeurs pour trouver un emploi décent, pour suivre une formation ou pour mener d'autres activités. Les auteurs indiquent que les transferts d'argent peuvent accroître les capacités « par défaut » alors que les services publics de l'emploi davantage axés sur l'orientation doivent donner aux travailleurs sans emploi un rôle actif pour que les soutiens apportés soient davantage « taillés sur mesure », en fonction de leurs besoins. In den vergangenen zwanzig Jahren haben sich die sozialen Sicherungen für Arbeitslose in Europa ausdifferenziert. Um Geldleistungen zu ergänzen oder zu beschneiden, haben viele Staaten Dienstleistungen und Aktivierungsmaßnahmen in den Mittelpunkt der sozialen Sicherung bei Arbeitslosigkeit gestellt. Dieser Artikel vergleicht zwei Länder, deren politische Strategien sich unterscheiden: Spanien erbringt vor allem “traditionelle” Lohnersatzleistungen und verfolgt kaum aktivierende Ansätze, wogegen Deutschland in den letzten Jahren rasch auf einen Aktivierungskurs einschwenkte. Dieser Artikel nutzt das Modell der Verwirklichungschancen (“capabilities”), um diese politischen Strategien und ihre Wirkungen für die Arbeitslosen zu evaluieren. Er untersucht vergleichend, wie die institutionellen Interventionen sich auf die Bündel wirklicher Optionen auswirken, über die Arbeitslose verfügen, um eine angemessene Stelle zu finden, sich beruflich weiterzubilden oder anderen Aktivitäten nachzugehen. Der Autorin und den Autoren zufolge können Lohnersatzleistungen als “hilfsweise” chancenfreundlich gelten. Eine stärker auf Intervention orientierte Arbeitsverwaltung müsste jedoch Arbeitsuchende aktiver daran beteiligen, Unterstützungsleistungen “passgenau” an ihren Bedarfen auszurichten. textcopyright 2012, European Trade Union Institute. All rights reserved. |
2011 |
Vives, Alejandra ; Vanroelen, Christophe ; Amable, Marcelo ; Ferrer, Montserrat ; Moncada, Salvador ; Llorens, Clara ; Muntaner, Carles ; Benavides, Fernando G; Benach, Joan Employment Precariousness in Spain: Prevalence, Social Distribution, and Population-Attributable Risk Percent of Poor Mental Health Artículo de revista International Journal of Health Services, 41 (4), pp. 625–646, 2011, ISSN: 0020-7314. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Salut, Salut Mental, Treball @article{vives_employment_2011, title = {Employment Precariousness in Spain: Prevalence, Social Distribution, and Population-Attributable Risk Percent of Poor Mental Health}, author = {Vives, Alejandra and Vanroelen, Christophe and Amable, Marcelo and Ferrer, Montserrat and Moncada, Salvador and Llorens, Clara and Muntaner, Carles and Benavides, Fernando G. and Benach, Joan}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.2190/HS.41.4.b}, doi = {10.2190/HS.41.4.b}, issn = {0020-7314}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Health Services}, volume = {41}, number = {4}, pages = {625--646}, keywords = {Salut, Salut Mental, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
2010 |
Bernardi, Fabrizio ; Mart{í}nez-Pastor, Juan-Ignacio Falling at the bottom: Unskilled jobs at entry in the labor market in Spain over time and in a comparative perspective Artículo de revista International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 51 (4), pp. 289–307, 2010, ISSN: 0020-7152. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Treball @article{Bernardi2010, title = {Falling at the bottom: Unskilled jobs at entry in the labor market in Spain over time and in a comparative perspective}, author = {Bernardi, Fabrizio and Mart{í}nez-Pastor, Juan-Ignacio}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0020715210368841}, doi = {10.1177/0020715210368841}, issn = {0020-7152}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology}, volume = {51}, number = {4}, pages = {289--307}, abstract = {This article analyses the risk of occupying an unskilled job for young people in Spain over the last 30 years. In order to study change over time, all of the quarters of the Spanish Labor Force Survey have been used, from the third quarter of 1976 to the third quarter of 2007. The results show that the likelihood of having an unskilled job has decreased slightly. The logit regressions highlight: 1) the continuing importance of education in helping avoidance of the worst jobs; 2) greater equality of the sexes; and 3) nationality as a new and significant structuring factor of inequality. We have complemented the in-depth analysis for Spain with a comparative analysis for 24 countries using data from the European Labor Force Survey of 2005. Our findings demonstrate that there are more unskilled jobs in Spain in comparison with the other 23 countries. textcopyright The Author(s) 2010.}, keywords = {Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article analyses the risk of occupying an unskilled job for young people in Spain over the last 30 years. In order to study change over time, all of the quarters of the Spanish Labor Force Survey have been used, from the third quarter of 1976 to the third quarter of 2007. The results show that the likelihood of having an unskilled job has decreased slightly. The logit regressions highlight: 1) the continuing importance of education in helping avoidance of the worst jobs; 2) greater equality of the sexes; and 3) nationality as a new and significant structuring factor of inequality. We have complemented the in-depth analysis for Spain with a comparative analysis for 24 countries using data from the European Labor Force Survey of 2005. Our findings demonstrate that there are more unskilled jobs in Spain in comparison with the other 23 countries. textcopyright The Author(s) 2010. |
Benach, J; Muntaner, C; Solar, O; Santana, V; Quinlan, M Introduction to the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health Employment Conditions Network (EMCONET) study, with a glossary on employment relations Artículo de revista International Journal of Health Services, 40 (2), 2010. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Salut, Treball @article{Benach2010, title = {Introduction to the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health Employment Conditions Network (EMCONET) study, with a glossary on employment relations}, author = {Benach, J. and Muntaner, C. and Solar, O. and Santana, V. and Quinlan, M.}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.2190/HS.40.2.a}, doi = {10.2190/HS.40.2.a}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Health Services}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, abstract = {Although the conditions and power relations of employment are known to be crucial health determinants for workers and their families, the nature of these relations and their effects on health have yet to be fully researched. Several types of employment-precarious employment in developed countries; informal sectors, child labor, slavery, and bonded labor in developing countries-expose workers to risky working conditions. Hazardous work and occupation-related diseases kill approximately 1,500 workers, globally, every day. Growing scientific evidence suggests that particular employment conditions, such as job insecurity and precarious employment, create adverse health effects; yet the limited number of studies and the poor quality of their methods prevent our understanding, globally, the complexity of employer-employee power relations, working conditions, levels of social protections, and the reality of employment-related health inequalities. This article introduces a special section on employment-related health inequalities, derived from the EMCONET approach, which focuses on (1) describing major methods and sources of information; (2) presenting theoretical models at the micro and macro levels; (3) presenting a typology of labor markets and welfare states worldwide; (4) describing the main findings in employment policies, including four key points for implementing strategies; and (5) suggesting new research developments, a policy agenda, and recommendations. This introduction includes a glossary of terms in the emerging area of employment conditions and health inequalities.}, keywords = {Salut, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Although the conditions and power relations of employment are known to be crucial health determinants for workers and their families, the nature of these relations and their effects on health have yet to be fully researched. Several types of employment-precarious employment in developed countries; informal sectors, child labor, slavery, and bonded labor in developing countries-expose workers to risky working conditions. Hazardous work and occupation-related diseases kill approximately 1,500 workers, globally, every day. Growing scientific evidence suggests that particular employment conditions, such as job insecurity and precarious employment, create adverse health effects; yet the limited number of studies and the poor quality of their methods prevent our understanding, globally, the complexity of employer-employee power relations, working conditions, levels of social protections, and the reality of employment-related health inequalities. This article introduces a special section on employment-related health inequalities, derived from the EMCONET approach, which focuses on (1) describing major methods and sources of information; (2) presenting theoretical models at the micro and macro levels; (3) presenting a typology of labor markets and welfare states worldwide; (4) describing the main findings in employment policies, including four key points for implementing strategies; and (5) suggesting new research developments, a policy agenda, and recommendations. This introduction includes a glossary of terms in the emerging area of employment conditions and health inequalities. |
2009 |
Agudelo-Suárez, Andrés A; Ronda-Pérez, Elena ; Gil-González, Diana ; Vives-Cases, Carmen ; García, Ana M; García-Benavides, Fernando ; Ruiz-Frutos, Carlos ; López-Jacob, José M; Porthé, Victoria ; Sousa, Emily Proceso migratorio, condiciones laborales y salud en trabajadores inmigrantes en España (proyecto ITSAL) Artículo de revista Gaceta Sanitaria, 23 , pp. 115–121, 2009, ISSN: 02139111. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Immigrants, Salut, Treball @article{agudelo-suarez_proceso_2009, title = {Proceso migratorio, condiciones laborales y salud en trabajadores inmigrantes en España (proyecto ITSAL)}, author = {Agudelo-Suárez, Andrés A. and Ronda-Pérez, Elena and Gil-González, Diana and Vives-Cases, Carmen and García, Ana M. and García-Benavides, Fernando and Ruiz-Frutos, Carlos and López-Jacob, M. José and Porthé, Victoria and Sousa, Emily}, url = {http://www.gacetasanitaria.org/es/proceso-migratorio-condiciones-laborales-salud/articulo/S0213911109003185/}, doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2009.07.007}, issn = {02139111}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Gaceta Sanitaria}, volume = {23}, pages = {115--121}, keywords = {Immigrants, Salut, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |