@book{rechel_migration_2011,
title = {Migration and health in the European Union},
editor = {Rechel, Bernd and Mladovsky, Philipa and Devillé, Walter and Rijks, Barbara and Petrova-Benedict, Roumyana and McKee, Martin},
url = {http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/161560/e96458.pdf},
isbn = {978-0-335-24568-0},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
volume = {13},
publisher = {McGraw Hill. Open University Press},
address = {Maidenhead},
series = {European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Series},
abstract = {Train of thought: migration and health As James Buchan writes in this issue of Eurohealth, the migration of health workers has now become a significant feature of the global health policy debate. It has particularly taken on prominence in Europe as the EU expands yet further. It is all too easy to see the international recruitment of health workers as a 'quick fix' short-term solution to the health professional skill shortages that can be observed in some European coun-tries. Why invest scarce resources and many years in training up the domestic workforce, when it is much easier simply to launch overseas recruitment drives and free ride on the training efforts of others? Well this would be fine, if not for the consequences for those 'donor' countries; often low-income countries themselves with severe shortages of health care professionals. Global problems require global solutions, yet it is remarkable that so little is still known about the impact of migration on the effectiveness of health systems in Europe; nor is there any system in place that can accurately measure the stocks and flows of migrant health care workers. This raises all manner of ethical and practical challenges for policy makers. Professor Buchan sets out here some of the potential policy options that the international community may wish to consider in their deliberations, including the greater use of international codes of practice, as well as bilateral agreements. Of course, it is not just health care professionals that continue to migrate across Europe. When does the health status of immigrants become comparable to that of the local population? What steps can be taken to protect both the health of migrants and that of established residents. Again, as Philipa Mladovsky notes, European countries rarely collect health data by ethnicity, making it difficult for policy makers to address some of these issues. Carefully targeted policies would seem merited, given that in many instances first generation migrants may enjoy a better state of health than that experienced by subsequent generations.},
keywords = {Immigrants, Salut},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}

@article{nielsen_poorer_2010,
title = {Poorer self-perceived health among migrants and ethnic minorities versus the majority population in Europe: a systematic review},
author = {Nielsen, Signe Smith and Krasnik, Allan},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00038-010-0145-4},
doi = {10.1007/s00038-010-0145-4},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Public Health},
volume = {55},
number = {5},
pages = {357--371},
keywords = {Immigrants, Salut},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{ruiz-casares_right_2010,
title = {Right and access to healthcare for undocumented children: Addressing the gap between international conventions and disparate implementations in North America and Europe},
author = {Ruiz-Casares, Mónica and Rousseau, Cécile and Derluyn, Ilse and Watters, Charles and Crépeau, François},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953609006893},
doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.013},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Social Science and Medicine},
volume = {70},
pages = {329--336},
abstract = {Limited access to healthcare for vulnerable immigrant children in Europe and North America is increasingly worrisome as immigration policies harden. This paper analyzes the gap between States' obligations under international human rights law and the disparate local implementations in diverse countries. Studies that are both multidisciplinary and incorporate micro and macro level indicators are needed to reveal discrepancies between entitlements and access. It is argued that the lack of available data on the magnitude of the problem and on its individual and public health consequences stems from the conflicting situation faced by health institutions required to simultaneously protect the best interest of each child and allocate limited resources. Collaboration in research is urgently needed to assist policy-makers and institutions make informed decisions. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Immigrants, Infants, Salut},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Benach2010,
title = {Introduction to the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health Employment Conditions Network (EMCONET) study, with a glossary on employment relations},
author = {Benach, J. and Muntaner, C. and Solar, O. and Santana, V. and Quinlan, M.},
url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.2190/HS.40.2.a},
doi = {10.2190/HS.40.2.a},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Health Services},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
abstract = {Although the conditions and power relations of employment are known to be crucial health determinants for workers and their families, the nature of these relations and their effects on health have yet to be fully researched. Several types of employment-precarious employment in developed countries; informal sectors, child labor, slavery, and bonded labor in developing countries-expose workers to risky working conditions. Hazardous work and occupation-related diseases kill approximately 1,500 workers, globally, every day. Growing scientific evidence suggests that particular employment conditions, such as job insecurity and precarious employment, create adverse health effects; yet the limited number of studies and the poor quality of their methods prevent our understanding, globally, the complexity of employer-employee power relations, working conditions, levels of social protections, and the reality of employment-related health inequalities. This article introduces a special section on employment-related health inequalities, derived from the EMCONET approach, which focuses on (1) describing major methods and sources of information; (2) presenting theoretical models at the micro and macro levels; (3) presenting a typology of labor markets and welfare states worldwide; (4) describing the main findings in employment policies, including four key points for implementing strategies; and (5) suggesting new research developments, a policy agenda, and recommendations. This introduction includes a glossary of terms in the emerging area of employment conditions and health inequalities.},
keywords = {Salut, Treball},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{regidor_utilizacion_2009,
title = {La utilización de los servicios sanitarios por la población inmigrante en España},
author = {Regidor, Enrique and Sanz-Barbero, Belén and Pascual, Cruz and Lostao, Lourdes and Sánchez, Elisabeth and Díaz Olalla, José Manuel},
url = {file:///Users/Roland/Documents/Mendeley export/Gaceta Sanitaria/Regidor et al. - 2009.pdf},
doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2009.01.010},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Gaceta Sanitaria},
volume = {23},
number = {Supl 1},
pages = {4--11},
abstract = {Objective: To compare health services utilization between the immigrant and indigenous populations in Spain. Methods: We used information provided by the following four health surveys carried out around 2005: Catalonia 2005; city of Madrid 2005, Canary Islands 2004 and the Autonomous Community of Valencia 2005. The health services studied were general practice, specialist services, emergency services, hospitalization, and two preventive services: pap smear test and mammography. Results: In general, most health services were less frequently used by the immigrant population than by the Spanish population. The health services showing the least differences between the two populations were general practice and hospitalization, while the greatest differences were found in the use of specialist and preventive services. The most heterogeneous results were found in general practice and hospitalization, since some immigrant groups showed a relatively high frequency of use in some geographical areas and a relatively low frequency in other areas. Conclusion: The results of the present study reproduce those found in other studies carried out in countries with similar social and economic characteristics to Spain. Like previous results, the present results are difficult to explain. Future research should aim to use other study designs and to test hypotheses not put forward by the scientific community to date. © 2008 SESPAS.},
keywords = {Accés Serveis de Salut, Immigrants, Salut},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{agudelo-suarez_proceso_2009,
title = {Proceso migratorio, condiciones laborales y salud en trabajadores inmigrantes en España (proyecto ITSAL)},
author = {Agudelo-Suárez, Andrés A. and Ronda-Pérez, Elena and Gil-González, Diana and Vives-Cases, Carmen and García, Ana M. and García-Benavides, Fernando and Ruiz-Frutos, Carlos and López-Jacob, M. José and Porthé, Victoria and Sousa, Emily},
url = {http://www.gacetasanitaria.org/es/proceso-migratorio-condiciones-laborales-salud/articulo/S0213911109003185/},
doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2009.07.007},
issn = {02139111},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Gaceta Sanitaria},
volume = {23},
pages = {115--121},
keywords = {Immigrants, Salut, Treball},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@book{huber_quality_2008,
title = {Quality in and equality of access to healthcare services},
author = {Huber, Manfred and Stanciole, Anderson and Wahlbeck, Kristian and Tamsma, Nicoline and Torres, Federico and Jelfs, Elisabeth and Bremner, Jeni},
url = {http://www.euro.centre.org/data/1237457784_41597.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
publisher = {European Commission Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities},
address = {Luxembourg},
keywords = {Accés Serveis de Salut, Salut},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}

@article{perez-rodriguez_demand_2006,
title = {Demand for psychiatric emergency services and immigration. Findings in a Spanish hospital during the year 2003},
author = {Perez-Rodriguez, M Mercedes and Baca-Garcia, Enrique and Quintero-Gutierrez, Francisco J and Gonzalez, Gloria and Saiz-Gonzalez, Dolores and Botillo, Carlota and Basurte-Villamor, Ignacio and Sevilla, Juncal and Gonzalez de Rivera, Jose L},
url = {https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/eurpub/ckl021},
doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckl021},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {The European Journal of Public Health},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {383--387},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to investigate differences among immigrants and natives regarding access and pathways to psychiatric care, psychiatric admission rates, length of stay, continuity of care, and main diagnoses. METHODS: Psychiatric emergency visits (1511) and hospitalizations (410) were registered in a Spanish Hospital with a catchment area of 280 000 people (19.3% immigrants) during the year 2003. Motives for demanding emergency psychiatric care, pathways to care, admission rates, length of stay, continuity of care, and main diagnoses were compared among natives and immigrants. RESULTS: Immigrants accounted for 13.0% of consultations to the psychiatric emergency room (15.9% of patients) and 11.0% of admissions to the psychiatric hospitalization unit (13.5% of patients). The pathways to care were different for immigrants and natives. Immigrants had a lower rate of readmission to the psychiatric emergency room. Motives for consultation and hospitalization were also different among immigrants and natives. Immigrants showed more self-aggressive behaviours and neuroses, and lower rates of affective disorders and psychoses. CONCLUSIONS: Immigrants under-used psychiatric emergency and hospitalization services in comparison with natives. They did not consult because of psychoses or affective disorders, but mainly because of reactive conditions related to the stress of migration.},
keywords = {Accés Serveis de Salut, Salut, Salut Mental},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{fiscella_inverse_2005,
title = {The inverse care law: implications for healthcare of vulnerable populations.},
author = {Fiscella, Kevin and Shin, Peter},
url = {http://journals.lww.com/ambulatorycaremanagement/Abstract/2005/10000/The_Inverse_Care_Law__Implications_for_Healthcare.5.aspx?trendmd_shared=0},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {The Journal of ambulatory care management},
volume = {28},
number = {4},
pages = {304--312},
abstract = {Past and present, those with the greatest healthcare needs often receive the least adequate healthcare. This phenomenon, termed the "inverse care law," has implications for healthcare and outcomes for vulnerable populations including low-income persons, racial and ethnic minorities, and the uninsured among others. This article reviews disparities in health status and access to healthcare for vulnerable populations. It illustrates how concentration of risk factors within individuals, families, and communities worsens the paradox between healthcare need and access and highlights the models of healthcare delivery needed to adequately meet the needs of vulnerable populations.},
keywords = {Salut},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{tanahashi_health_1978,
title = {Health service coverage and its evaluation},
author = {Tanahashi, T},
url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2395571/},
issn = {0042-9686 (Print) 0042-9686 (Linking)},
year = {1978},
date = {1978-01-01},
journal = {Bulletin of the World Health Organization},
volume = {56},
number = {2},
pages = {295--303},
abstract = {Health service coverage is considered as a concept expressing the extent of interaction between the service and the people for whom it is intended, this interaction not being limited to a particular aspect of service provision but ranging over the whole process from resource allocation to achievement of the desired objective. For the measurement of coverage, several key stages are first identified, each of them involving the realization of an important condition for providing the service; a coverage measure is then defined for each stage, namely the ratio between the number of people for whom the condition is met and the target population, so that a set of these measures represents the interaction between the service and the target population. This definition of coverage allows for variations, which are called "specific coverage", by limiting the target population to specific subgroups differentiated by certain conditions related to service provision or by demographic or socioeconomic factors.The evaluation of coverage on the basis of these concepts enables management to identify bottlenecks in the operation of the service, to analyse the constraining factors responsible for such bottlenecks, and to select effective measures for service development.},
keywords = {Salut},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}