@techreport{oxfam_voces_2018,
title = {Voces contra la precariedad: Mujeres y pobreza laboral en Europa},
author = {OXFAM},
url = {https://www.oxfamintermon.org/sites/default/files/documentos/files/voces-contra-la-precariedad.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
pages = {72},
institution = {OXFAM Intermon},
keywords = {Desigualtats de Génere, Informes},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@article{Huete-Morales2017,
title = {Modelling part-time employment in Spain: do women opt for fewer hours or do they have no choice?},
author = {Huete-Morales, M. Dolores and Vargas-Jim?nez, Maravillas},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09589236.2017.1316248},
doi = {10.1080/09589236.2017.1316248},
issn = {0958-9236},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-04-01},
journal = {Journal of Gender Studies},
pages = {1--19},
abstract = {textcopyright 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis GroupMany variables can be analysed to characterize the past and present employment status of women. Among these parameters are indicators of part-time employment; these, together with factors such as age, nationality and education/training, are of crucial importance in obtaining a proper understanding of this question. The following hypotheses are addressed in this study: that women are more likely than men to be in part-time employment; that this likelihood is even greater for married women; that the higher the level of educational qualifications, the lower the probability of being in part-time employment; and that the female immigrant population is less likely than non-immigrant women to be in part-time employment (however, nationality has no such influence among the male population). Women are much more likely than men to be employed part-time, and it is often said that women prefer this type of contract in order to reconcile family life with their work. However, we show that this is not true. The probability of part-time employment among married women wishing to work longer hours is much higher than that for men. Accordingly, part-time employment contracts for women would appear to be more an imposition by society than a personal preference.},
keywords = {Desigualtats de Génere, Treball},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Redding2017,
title = {Gender inequality and violence against women in Spain, 2006-2014: towards a civilized society},
author = {Redding, Erika M. and Ruiz-Cantero, Mar{í}a Teresa and Fern{á}ndez-S{á}ez, Jos{é} and Guijarro-Garvi, Marta},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0213911116301923},
doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.07.025},
issn = {02139111},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-01},
journal = {Gaceta Sanitaria},
volume = {31},
number = {2},
pages = {82--88},
abstract = {textcopyright 2016 SESPASObjective Considering both the economic crisis of 2008 and the Gender Equality Law (2007), this study analyses the association between gender inequality in Spanish Autonomous Communities (AC) and intimate partner violence (IPV) from 2006 to 2014 in terms of socio-demographic characteristics. Methods Ecological study in the 17 Spanish AC on the correlation between the reported cases by IPV and deaths and the Gender Inequality Index and its dimensions: empowerment, participation in the labour market and adolescent birth rates; and their correlation with Young People Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET). Results In 2006, IPV mortality rates were higher in autonomous communities with greater gender inequality than AC with more equality (4.1 vs. 2.5 × 106 women textgreater14 years), as were reporting rates of IPV (OR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.47-1.50). In 2014, the IPV mortality rates in AC with greater gender inequality fell to just below the mortality rates in AC with more gender equality (2.5 vs. 2.7 × 106 women textgreater14 years). Rates of IPV reports also decreased (OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.20-1.23). Adolescent birth rates were most associated with IPV reports, which were also associated with the burden of NEET by AC ($rho$2006 = 0.494, $rho$2014 = 0.615). Conclusion Gender-sensitive policies may serve as a platform for reduced mortality and reports of IPV in Spain, particularly in AC with more gender inequality. A reduction of NEET may reduce adolescent birth rates and in turn IPV rates.},
keywords = {Desigualtats de Génere},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Moreno-Colom2017,
title = {The gendered division of housework time: Analysis of time use by type and daily frequency of household tasks},
author = {Moreno-Colom, S.},
url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0961463X15577269},
doi = {10.1177/0961463X15577269},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Time and Society},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
abstract = {textcopyright 2015, textcopyright The Author(s) 2015.Over the past 40 years, there has been a slow trend toward gender equality regarding time use in paid and unpaid work. However, the gendered division of housework remains. This article examines the gender segregation in domestic work in order to contrast the influence of welfare regimes and employment status on the organization of everyday life. The analysis is based on time use variables according to the type and daily frequency of household tasks. First, a descriptive cross-national study of European countries is presented to contextualise how institutional factors are involved in patterns of time use. Second, a specific case in Spain is studied to assess how employment status influences the distribution of housework. The results show that daily maintenance tasks represent a limit for the equal distribution of housework by gender. It is concluded that women's employment is a necessary but not sufficient condition for gender equality.},
keywords = {Desigualtats de Génere, Treball},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@online{obra_social_la_caixa_observatori_2017,
title = {Observatori social de "la Caixa"},
author = {{Obra Social "la Caixa"}},
url = {https://observatoriosociallacaixa.org/},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-07-06},
keywords = {Afers Socials, Desigualtats de Génere, Educació},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}

@techreport{sindic_de_greuges_de_catalunya_sindic_2016b,
title = {El Síndic de Greuges davant els reptes de la llei d'igualtat efectiva de dones i homes},
author = {Síndic de Greuges de Catalunya},
url = {http://www.sindic.cat/site/unitFiles/4277/Informe sobre igualtat%7B_%7Dcat%7B_%7Dok.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
pages = {20},
address = {Barcelona},
institution = {Síndic de Greuges de Catalunya},
keywords = {Desigualtats de Génere, Informes},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@phdthesis{gea_sanchez_law_2015,
title = {The Law of the State against the Law of Nurses: a study on the access to and utilization of health and social services by undocumented immigrant women in Spain},
author = {Gea-Sánchez, Montserrat},
url = {http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/382632},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
school = {Universitat de Lleida},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE. To explore the access to and utilization of health and social services by immigrant undocumented women in Spain from the perspective of several actors. METHODOLOGY. A systematic review of scientific literature (Study I); qualitative inquiry involving personal interviews with 7 midwives of a rural area of Segovia (Study II) and 12 immigrant undocumented women working and living in Lleida (Study III); and Critical Discourse Analysis of the Health Law and Ethic Codes of Nurses (Study IV). RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS There is a knowledge gap in scientific literature in Spain regarding access and utilization of social and health services specifically oriented to undocumented immigrant women. Immigrant undocumented women underutilize social and health care services -including the service of midwifery- due to reasons linked to poor working conditions and specific barriers for being immigrant undocumented women. Nurses suffer a mismatch between their ethical and professional commitment and the application of the general law.},
keywords = {Desigualtats de Génere, Immigrants, Salut},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}

@article{Malmusi2014,
title = {Gender inequalities in health: exploring the contribution of living conditions in the intersection of social class},
author = {Malmusi, Davide and Vives, Alejandra and Benach, Joan and Borrell, Carme},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3402/gha.v7.23189},
doi = {10.3402/gha.v7.23189},
issn = {1654-9716},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-12-01},
journal = {Global Health Action},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {23189},
abstract = {Background: Women experience poorer health than men despite their longer life expectancy, due to a higher prevalence of non-fatal chronic illnesses. This paper aims to explore whether the unequal gender distribution of roles and resources can account for inequalities in general self-rated health (SRH) by gender, across social classes, in a Southern European population. Methods: Cross-sectional study of residents in Catalonia aged 25-64, using data from the 2006 population living conditions survey (n = 5,817). Poisson regression models were used to calculate the fair/poor SRH prevalence ratio (PR) by gender and to estimate the contribution of variables assessing several dimensions of living conditions as the reduction in the PR after their inclusion in the model. Analyses were stratified by social class (non-manual and manual). Results: SRH was poorer for women among both non-manual (PR 1.39, 95% CI 1.09-1.76) and manual social classes (PR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.56). Adjustment for individual income alone eliminated the association between sex and SRH, especially among manual classes (PR 1.01, 95% CI 0.85-1.19; among nonmanual 1.19, 0.92-1.54). The association was also reduced when adjusting by employment conditions among manual classes, and household material and economic situation, time in household chores and residential environment among non-manual classes. Discussion: Gender inequalities in individual income appear to contribute largely to women's poorer health. Individual income may indicate the availability of economic resources, but also the history of access to the labour market and potentially the degree of independence and power within the household. Policies to facilitate women's labour market participation, to close the gender pay gap, or to raise non-contributory pensions may be helpful to improve women's health. textcopyright 2014 Davide Malmusi et al.},
keywords = {Desigualtats de Génere, Salut},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{briones-vozmediano_economic_2014,
title = {Economic crisis, immigrant women and changing availability of intimate partner violence services: a qualitative study of professionals´ perceptions in Spain},
author = {Briones-Vozmediano, Erica and Agudelo-Suarez, Andres A and Goicolea, Isabel and Vives-Cases, Carmen},
url = {http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/13/1/79 http://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-014-0079-1},
doi = {10.1186/s12939-014-0079-1},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-12-01},
journal = {International Journal for Equity in Health},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {79},
keywords = {Desigualtats de Génere, Salut, Serveis Socials},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Abrantes2014,
title = {Gendering social mobility: a comparative perspective on the nexus of education and class across Europe},
author = {Abrantes, Pedro and Abrantes, Manuel},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09540253.2014.916399},
doi = {10.1080/09540253.2014.916399},
issn = {0954-0253},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-06-01},
journal = {Gender and Education},
volume = {26},
number = {4},
pages = {377--396},
abstract = {Research on social mobility typically acknowledges the relevance of gender. However, gender-based differences still lack extensive description and explanation. This article starts by reviewing a number of influential contributions on social mobility, educational systems and employment change, as well as important critiques raised in feminist scholarship with regard to these topics of enquiry. We argue that class analysis should not only document asymmetry between men and women in greater detail, but also incorporate it as a piece of explanatory value in the understanding of social mobility at large. This is attempted by examining the data of the European Social Survey covering 22 countries. Drawing on this large-scale data set, we will demonstrate that the transformation of employment structures favours particular forms of upward mobility, which coexist with the resilience of gender inequality in accessing affluent classes. The impact of gender on the nexus between social background, educational attainment and class position is far from uniform in Europe, with significant variation across classes, countries and fields of study. textcopyright 2014 Taylor & Francis.},
keywords = {Desigualtats de Génere},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@book{schulze_sexual_2014,
title = {Sexual exploitation and prostitution and its impact on gender equality},
author = {Schulze, Erica and Novo Canto, Sandra Isabel. and Mason, Peter. and Skalin, Maria. and {European Parliament} and {Directorate-General for Internal Policies of the Union}},
url = {http://eurogender.eige.europa.eu/sites/default/files/pe493040_en_rev_online.pdf},
isbn = {978-92-823-5171-0},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
publisher = {Publications Office},
address = {Luxembourg},
abstract = {The objective of this briefing paper is to provide background information drawn from the international literature on sexual exploitation and prostitution and its impact on gender equality in relation to the report of the Women's Rights and Gender Equality Committee. The study concentrates on the debate on whether prostitution could be voluntary or has rather to be regarded in any case as a violation of women's human rights. It also presents an overview of the policies on prostitution in the Member States as well as four case studies: Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, and Sweden. Conclusions are presented with the view to enhance the debate.},
note = {DOI: 10.2861/44806},
keywords = {Desigualtats de Génere, Explotació Sexual},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}

@article{sanz-barbero_influencia_2011,
title = {Influencia del lugar de origen en la utilización de pruebas de cribado de cáncer ginecológico en España},
author = {Sanz-Barbero, Belén and Regidor, Enrique and Galindo, Silvia},
url = {http://ref.scielo.org/8v6nsj},
doi = {10.1590/S0034-89102011000600003},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-12-01},
journal = {Revista de Saúde Pública},
volume = {45},
number = {6},
pages = {1019--1026},
abstract = {Objective: To assess the association between geographic origin and the use of screening cervical smears and mammograms. Methods: Data was obtained from the 2006 Spanish National Health Survey that included 13,422 females over 16 years of age. The dependent variable was use of screening mammograms and cervical smears in the past 12 months. The measure of association (odds ratio and its related 95% confi dence interval) was estimated using logistic regression. Results: African women were 0.36 (95% CI 0.21,0.62), Eastern European 0.40 (95%CI 0.22;0.74), Western European, American and Canadian 0.60 (95%CI 0.43,0.84), and Central and South American 0.64 times (95%CI 0.52, 0.81) less likely to undergo a mammogram compared with the general population of Spain. In regard to cervical cancer screening, Eastern European women were 0.38 (95%CI 0.28,0.50), African 0.47 (95%CI 0.33,0.67) and Western European, American and Canadian 0.61 times (95%CI 0.46, 0.81) less likely to undergo cervical smears. These associations were independent of age, socioeconomic condition, health status and health insurance coverage. Conclusions: Immigrant women use less screening programs than native Spanish women. This fi nding may suggest diffi cult access to prevention programs.},
keywords = {Desigualtats de Génere, Immigrants, Salut},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}