Accés Serveis de Salut Adults Afers Socials Alimentació Associacions Convencions Crisi Econòmica Desigualtats de Génere Desigualtats Socials Economia Educació Espanya Fundacions Génere Habitatge Immigrants Infants Informes Mundial Organismes Internacionals Organitzacions Persones Grans Pobresa Energètica Racisme Resolucions Salut Salut Mental Serveis Socials Treball Vivenda
2014 |
Llop-Gironés, Alba ; Vargas Lorenzo, Ingrid ; Garcia-Subirats, Irene ; Aller, Marta-Beatriz ; Vázquez Navarrete, María Luisa Acceso a los servicios de salud de la población inmigrante en España Artículo de revista Revista Española de Salud Pública, 88 (6), pp. 715–734, 2014. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Accés Serveis de Salut, Immigrants, Salut @article{llop-girones_acceso_2014, title = {Acceso a los servicios de salud de la población inmigrante en España}, author = {Llop-Gironés, Alba and Vargas Lorenzo, Ingrid and Garcia-Subirats, Irene and Aller, Marta-Beatriz and Vázquez Navarrete, María Luisa}, url = {http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1135-57272014000600005&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en}, doi = {10.4321/S1135-57272014000600005}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Revista Española de Salud Pública}, volume = {88}, number = {6}, pages = {715--734}, abstract = {Fundamentos: Una importante proporción de población en España es inmigrante y la evidencia internacional señala su acceso inadecuado a los servicios de salud. El objetivo es conocer el acceso a la atención de la población inmigrante en España. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica de los artículos originales (1998-2012) sobre acceso y utilización de los servicios de la población inmigrante en España registrados en Medline y MEDES. Se identificaron 319 artículos de los que se seleccionaron 20. Se utilizó el modelo de Aday y Andersen para el análisis. Resultados: Entre los artículos seleccionados, 13 estudios cuantitativos analizaron diferencias en la utilización de los servicios entre inmigrantes y autóctonos y 7 determinantes del acceso en inmigrantes. En líneas generales estos muestran menor utilización de la atención especializada, mayor de las urgencias y no se observaron diferencias entre grupos en atención primaria. Los 5 estudios cuantitativos sobre determinantes se centraron en las características de la población (sexo, edad, nivel de estudios y posesión de seguro privado) sin observarse un patrón claro. Los 2 estudios cualitativos analizaron factores relacionados con los servicios de salud y encontraron barreras en el acceso, como la provisión de información o los requisitos para obtener la tarjeta sanitaria. Conclusiones: El acceso a la atención en inmigrantes ha sido limitadamente abordado, con aproximaciones diferentes y los factores relacionados con la oferta, escasamente analizados. No se observa un patrón de utilización, las diferencias dependen de la clasificación de los inmigrante según origen y nivel asistencial. No obstante, en inmigrantes se observa menor utilización de la atención especializada y mayor de las urgencias, así como determinantes del acceso distintos a la necesidad.}, keywords = {Accés Serveis de Salut, Immigrants, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Fundamentos: Una importante proporción de población en España es inmigrante y la evidencia internacional señala su acceso inadecuado a los servicios de salud. El objetivo es conocer el acceso a la atención de la población inmigrante en España. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica de los artículos originales (1998-2012) sobre acceso y utilización de los servicios de la población inmigrante en España registrados en Medline y MEDES. Se identificaron 319 artículos de los que se seleccionaron 20. Se utilizó el modelo de Aday y Andersen para el análisis. Resultados: Entre los artículos seleccionados, 13 estudios cuantitativos analizaron diferencias en la utilización de los servicios entre inmigrantes y autóctonos y 7 determinantes del acceso en inmigrantes. En líneas generales estos muestran menor utilización de la atención especializada, mayor de las urgencias y no se observaron diferencias entre grupos en atención primaria. Los 5 estudios cuantitativos sobre determinantes se centraron en las características de la población (sexo, edad, nivel de estudios y posesión de seguro privado) sin observarse un patrón claro. Los 2 estudios cualitativos analizaron factores relacionados con los servicios de salud y encontraron barreras en el acceso, como la provisión de información o los requisitos para obtener la tarjeta sanitaria. Conclusiones: El acceso a la atención en inmigrantes ha sido limitadamente abordado, con aproximaciones diferentes y los factores relacionados con la oferta, escasamente analizados. No se observa un patrón de utilización, las diferencias dependen de la clasificación de los inmigrante según origen y nivel asistencial. No obstante, en inmigrantes se observa menor utilización de la atención especializada y mayor de las urgencias, así como determinantes del acceso distintos a la necesidad. |
Schulze, Erica ; Novo Canto, Sandra Isabel. ; Mason, Peter. ; Skalin, Maria. ; European Parliament, ; Directorate-General for Internal Policies of the Union, Sexual exploitation and prostitution and its impact on gender equality Libro Publications Office, Luxembourg, 2014, ISBN: 978-92-823-5171-0, (DOI: 10.2861/44806). Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Desigualtats de Génere, Explotació Sexual @book{schulze_sexual_2014, title = {Sexual exploitation and prostitution and its impact on gender equality}, author = {Schulze, Erica and Novo Canto, Sandra Isabel. and Mason, Peter. and Skalin, Maria. and {European Parliament} and {Directorate-General for Internal Policies of the Union}}, url = {http://eurogender.eige.europa.eu/sites/default/files/pe493040_en_rev_online.pdf}, isbn = {978-92-823-5171-0}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, publisher = {Publications Office}, address = {Luxembourg}, abstract = {The objective of this briefing paper is to provide background information drawn from the international literature on sexual exploitation and prostitution and its impact on gender equality in relation to the report of the Women's Rights and Gender Equality Committee. The study concentrates on the debate on whether prostitution could be voluntary or has rather to be regarded in any case as a violation of women's human rights. It also presents an overview of the policies on prostitution in the Member States as well as four case studies: Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, and Sweden. Conclusions are presented with the view to enhance the debate.}, note = {DOI: 10.2861/44806}, keywords = {Desigualtats de Génere, Explotació Sexual}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } The objective of this briefing paper is to provide background information drawn from the international literature on sexual exploitation and prostitution and its impact on gender equality in relation to the report of the Women's Rights and Gender Equality Committee. The study concentrates on the debate on whether prostitution could be voluntary or has rather to be regarded in any case as a violation of women's human rights. It also presents an overview of the policies on prostitution in the Member States as well as four case studies: Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, and Sweden. Conclusions are presented with the view to enhance the debate. |
Suess, Amets ; Ruiz Perez, I; Ruiz Azarola, A; March Cerda, J C The right of access to health care for undocumented migrants: a revision of comparative analysis in the European context Artículo de revista The European Journal of Public Health, 24 (5), pp. 712–720, 2014, ISSN: 1101-1262. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Accés Serveis de Salut, Salut @article{suess_right_2014, title = {The right of access to health care for undocumented migrants: a revision of comparative analysis in the European context}, author = {Suess, Amets and Ruiz Perez, I. and Ruiz Azarola, A. and March Cerda, J. C.}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/eurpub/cku036}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/cku036}, issn = {1101-1262}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {The European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {24}, number = {5}, pages = {712--720}, abstract = {Background: The recent introduction of adjustment measures in the Spanish context by means of the Royal Decree-law 16/2012 (RDL 16/2012), which limits access to health care for undocumented migrants, raises the question about the state of the matter in different European Union member states.; Methods: Narrative review of comparative studies published between 2009 and 2012 that analyzes the right to health care for undocumented migrants in the European context.; Results: The review shows a high degree of variability regarding health care entitlements of undocumented migrants in different European countries, a frequent legal restriction of access to health care, as well as barriers in the effective access to health care. The studies coincide in recommending access at all health care levels, regardless of the administrative status of the person seeking treatment. The analysis of the impact of the current economic crisis on access and quality of the health care directed to undocumented migrants, as well as the knowledge of the migrants' perspective are identified as future research areas.; Conclusions: Compared with other European countries, the introduction of the measures established in the RDL 16/2012 modifies the place of the Spanish Public Health Care System from being situated in the group of countries that permit undocumented migrants access to all health care levels, towards the category of highest restriction.; © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {Accés Serveis de Salut, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: The recent introduction of adjustment measures in the Spanish context by means of the Royal Decree-law 16/2012 (RDL 16/2012), which limits access to health care for undocumented migrants, raises the question about the state of the matter in different European Union member states.; Methods: Narrative review of comparative studies published between 2009 and 2012 that analyzes the right to health care for undocumented migrants in the European context.; Results: The review shows a high degree of variability regarding health care entitlements of undocumented migrants in different European countries, a frequent legal restriction of access to health care, as well as barriers in the effective access to health care. The studies coincide in recommending access at all health care levels, regardless of the administrative status of the person seeking treatment. The analysis of the impact of the current economic crisis on access and quality of the health care directed to undocumented migrants, as well as the knowledge of the migrants' perspective are identified as future research areas.; Conclusions: Compared with other European countries, the introduction of the measures established in the RDL 16/2012 modifies the place of the Spanish Public Health Care System from being situated in the group of countries that permit undocumented migrants access to all health care levels, towards the category of highest restriction.; © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved. |
Suess, Amets ; Ruiz Pérez, Isabel ; Ruiz Azarola, Ainhoa ; March Cerdà, Joan Carles El derecho de acceso sanitario en el contexto del Real Decreto-ley 16/2012: la perspectiva de organizaciones de la sociedad civil y asociaciones profesionales Artículo de revista Gaceta Sanitaria, 28 (6), pp. 461–469, 2014, ISSN: 02139111. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Accés Serveis de Salut, Immigrants, Salut @article{suess_derecho_2014, title = {El derecho de acceso sanitario en el contexto del Real Decreto-ley 16/2012: la perspectiva de organizaciones de la sociedad civil y asociaciones profesionales}, author = {Suess, Amets and Ruiz Pérez, Isabel and Ruiz Azarola, Ainhoa and March Cerdà, Joan Carles}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0213911114001927}, doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2014.06.008}, issn = {02139111}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Gaceta Sanitaria}, volume = {28}, number = {6}, pages = {461--469}, abstract = {Objective: The recent publication of the Royal Decree-Law 16/2012 (RDL 16/2012), which introduces structural changes in the Spanish Public Healthcare System, can be placed in the broader context of budgetary adjustments in response to the current economic crisis. An analysis of the interrelationships among economic crisis, healthcare policies, and health reveals that citizen participation is one of several potential strategies for reducing the impact of this situation on the population. This observation raises the interest to know the citizens' perspectives on the modifications introduced by the RDL 16/2012. Methods: Narrative review of documents related to the RDL 16/2012 published by civil society organizations and professional associations in the Spanish context. Results: A broad citizen response can be observed to the introduction of RDL 16/2012. The documents reviewed include an analysis of changes in the healthcare model inherent to the RDL 16/2012, as well as predictions on its impact on access to healthcare, healthcare quality, and health. The civil society organizations and professional associations offer recommendations and proposals, as well as collaboration in elaborating alternative strategies to reduce costs. Conclusions: The response of civil society organizations and professional associations underscores the importance of strengthening citizen participation in the development of healthcare policies aimed at maintaining the universal character and sustainability of the Spanish Public Healthcare System in the current moment of economic and systemic crisis.}, keywords = {Accés Serveis de Salut, Immigrants, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objective: The recent publication of the Royal Decree-Law 16/2012 (RDL 16/2012), which introduces structural changes in the Spanish Public Healthcare System, can be placed in the broader context of budgetary adjustments in response to the current economic crisis. An analysis of the interrelationships among economic crisis, healthcare policies, and health reveals that citizen participation is one of several potential strategies for reducing the impact of this situation on the population. This observation raises the interest to know the citizens' perspectives on the modifications introduced by the RDL 16/2012. Methods: Narrative review of documents related to the RDL 16/2012 published by civil society organizations and professional associations in the Spanish context. Results: A broad citizen response can be observed to the introduction of RDL 16/2012. The documents reviewed include an analysis of changes in the healthcare model inherent to the RDL 16/2012, as well as predictions on its impact on access to healthcare, healthcare quality, and health. The civil society organizations and professional associations offer recommendations and proposals, as well as collaboration in elaborating alternative strategies to reduce costs. Conclusions: The response of civil society organizations and professional associations underscores the importance of strengthening citizen participation in the development of healthcare policies aimed at maintaining the universal character and sustainability of the Spanish Public Healthcare System in the current moment of economic and systemic crisis. |
Woodward, Aniek ; Howard, Natasha ; Wolffers, Ivan Health and access to care for undocumented migrants living in the European Union: a scoping review Artículo de revista Health Policy and Planning, 29 (7), pp. 818–830, 2014, ISSN: 0268-1080. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Accés Serveis de Salut, Immigrants, Salut @article{woodward_health_2014, title = {Health and access to care for undocumented migrants living in the European Union: a scoping review}, author = {Woodward, Aniek and Howard, Natasha and Wolffers, Ivan}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/heapol/czt061}, doi = {10.1093/heapol/czt061}, issn = {0268-1080}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Health Policy and Planning}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {818--830}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Literature on health and access to care of undocumented migrants in the European Union (EU) is limited and heterogeneous in focus and quality. Authors conducted a scoping review to identify the extent, nature and distribution of existing primary research (1990-2012), thus clarifying what is known, key gaps, and potential next steps.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: Authors used Arksey and O'Malley's six-stage scoping framework, with Levac, Colquhoun and O'Brien's revisions, to review identified sources. Findings were summarized thematically: (i) physical, mental and social health issues, (ii) access and barriers to care, (iii) vulnerable groups and (iv) policy and rights.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: Fifty-four sources were included of 598 identified, with 93% (50/54) published during 2005-2012. EU member states from Eastern Europe were under-represented, particularly in single-country studies. Most study designs (52%) were qualitative. Sampling descriptions were generally poor, and sampling purposeful, with only four studies using any randomization. Demographic descriptions were far from uniform and only two studies focused on undocumented children and youth. Most (80%) included findings on health-care access, with obstacles reported at primary, secondary and tertiary levels. Major access barriers included fear, lack of awareness of rights, socioeconomics. Mental disorders appeared widespread, while obstetric needs and injuries were key reasons for seeking care. Pregnant women, children and detainees appeared most vulnerable. While EU policy supports health-care access for undocumented migrants, practices remain haphazard, with studies reporting differing interpretation and implementation of rights at regional, institutional and individual levels.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSIONS: This scoping review is an initial attempt to describe available primary evidence on health and access to care for undocumented migrants in the European Union. It underlines the need for more and better-quality research, increased co-operation between gatekeepers, providers, researchers and policy makers, and reduced ambiguities in health-care rights and obligations for undocumented migrants.}, keywords = {Accés Serveis de Salut, Immigrants, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Literature on health and access to care of undocumented migrants in the European Union (EU) is limited and heterogeneous in focus and quality. Authors conducted a scoping review to identify the extent, nature and distribution of existing primary research (1990-2012), thus clarifying what is known, key gaps, and potential next steps.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: Authors used Arksey and O'Malley's six-stage scoping framework, with Levac, Colquhoun and O'Brien's revisions, to review identified sources. Findings were summarized thematically: (i) physical, mental and social health issues, (ii) access and barriers to care, (iii) vulnerable groups and (iv) policy and rights.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: Fifty-four sources were included of 598 identified, with 93% (50/54) published during 2005-2012. EU member states from Eastern Europe were under-represented, particularly in single-country studies. Most study designs (52%) were qualitative. Sampling descriptions were generally poor, and sampling purposeful, with only four studies using any randomization. Demographic descriptions were far from uniform and only two studies focused on undocumented children and youth. Most (80%) included findings on health-care access, with obstacles reported at primary, secondary and tertiary levels. Major access barriers included fear, lack of awareness of rights, socioeconomics. Mental disorders appeared widespread, while obstetric needs and injuries were key reasons for seeking care. Pregnant women, children and detainees appeared most vulnerable. While EU policy supports health-care access for undocumented migrants, practices remain haphazard, with studies reporting differing interpretation and implementation of rights at regional, institutional and individual levels.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSIONS: This scoping review is an initial attempt to describe available primary evidence on health and access to care for undocumented migrants in the European Union. It underlines the need for more and better-quality research, increased co-operation between gatekeepers, providers, researchers and policy makers, and reduced ambiguities in health-care rights and obligations for undocumented migrants. |
Allepuz Capdevila, Rafael ; Rosell Farré, Maria José Pagés, Lleida, 2014, ISBN: 978-84-9975-529-8. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Economia @book{allepuz_capdevila_anatomia_2014, title = {Anatomia de la pobresa a Catalunya: Causes estructurals que provoquen l'exclusió social de les persones vulnerables}, author = {Allepuz Capdevila, Rafael and Rosell Farré, Maria José}, url = {http://cataleg.udl.cat/record=b1344512 S11*cat}, isbn = {978-84-9975-529-8}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, publisher = {Pagés}, address = {Lleida}, series = {Argent Viu. Assaig; 126}, keywords = {Economia}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } |
Benach, J; Vives, A; Amable, M; Vanroelen, C; Tarafa, G; Muntaner, C Precarious employment: Understanding an emerging social determinant of health Libro 2014. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Salut, Treball @book{Benach2014, title = {Precarious employment: Understanding an emerging social determinant of health}, author = {Benach, J. and Vives, A. and Amable, M. and Vanroelen, C. and Tarafa, G. and Muntaner, C.}, url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182500}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182500}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, booktitle = {Annual Review of Public Health}, volume = {35}, abstract = {Employment precariousness is a social determinant that affects the health of workers, families, and communities. Its recent popularity has been spearheaded by three main developments: the surge in "flexible employment" and its associated erosion of workers' employment and working conditions since the mid-1970s; the growing interest in social determinants of health, including employment conditions; and the availability of new data and information systems. This article identifies the historical, economic, and political factors that link precarious employment to health and health equity; reviews concepts, models, instruments, and findings on precarious employment and health inequalities; summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of this literature; and highlights substantive and methodological challenges that need to be addressed. We identify two crucial future aims: to provide a compelling research program that expands our understanding of employment precariousness and to develop and evaluate policy programs that effectively put an end to its health-related impacts. textcopyright2014 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {Salut, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } Employment precariousness is a social determinant that affects the health of workers, families, and communities. Its recent popularity has been spearheaded by three main developments: the surge in "flexible employment" and its associated erosion of workers' employment and working conditions since the mid-1970s; the growing interest in social determinants of health, including employment conditions; and the availability of new data and information systems. This article identifies the historical, economic, and political factors that link precarious employment to health and health equity; reviews concepts, models, instruments, and findings on precarious employment and health inequalities; summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of this literature; and highlights substantive and methodological challenges that need to be addressed. We identify two crucial future aims: to provide a compelling research program that expands our understanding of employment precariousness and to develop and evaluate policy programs that effectively put an end to its health-related impacts. textcopyright2014 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved. |
Malmusi, D; Ortiz-Barreda, G Desigualdades sociales en salud en poblaciones inmigradas en España. Revisión de laliteratura Artículo de revista Revista Espanola de Salud Publica, 88 (6), 2014. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Salut @article{Malmusi2014a, title = {Desigualdades sociales en salud en poblaciones inmigradas en España. Revisión de laliteratura}, author = {Malmusi, D. and Ortiz-Barreda, G.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S1135-57272014000600003}, doi = {10.4321/S1135-57272014000600003}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Revista Espanola de Salud Publica}, volume = {88}, number = {6}, abstract = {textcopyright 2014, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo. All rights reserved.Background: Health differences between immigrants and natives should be analyzed from an equity perspective due to socioeconomic inequality between them. The aim of this study is to Know the influence of social determinants of health in the immigrant population in Spain and/or inequalities compared with the Spanish population. Methods: SA scoping review of the literature published in the period 1998-2012 was performed. The literature search was conducted on Medline and MEDES-MEDicina databases. All studies that include the participation of immigrant population from areas such as Latin America, Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe and performed in Spain were selected. Results: A27 articles were included. Most of the studies were published in the year 2009 (n=11). Twelve used population health surveys at national (n=6) and autonomous (n = 6) level.Atotal of 23 studies focused on adult population over 15 years. The most frequently studied indicators were self-rated health (n=9) and mental health (n=7). Conclusion: The immigrant population is exposed to lower socioeconomic status than natives and, despite a lower prevalence of chronic diseases, it appears to experience more mental health problems and worse selfrated health, especially in women and with longer stay.}, keywords = {Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } textcopyright 2014, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo. All rights reserved.Background: Health differences between immigrants and natives should be analyzed from an equity perspective due to socioeconomic inequality between them. The aim of this study is to Know the influence of social determinants of health in the immigrant population in Spain and/or inequalities compared with the Spanish population. Methods: SA scoping review of the literature published in the period 1998-2012 was performed. The literature search was conducted on Medline and MEDES-MEDicina databases. All studies that include the participation of immigrant population from areas such as Latin America, Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe and performed in Spain were selected. Results: A27 articles were included. Most of the studies were published in the year 2009 (n=11). Twelve used population health surveys at national (n=6) and autonomous (n = 6) level.Atotal of 23 studies focused on adult population over 15 years. The most frequently studied indicators were self-rated health (n=9) and mental health (n=7). Conclusion: The immigrant population is exposed to lower socioeconomic status than natives and, despite a lower prevalence of chronic diseases, it appears to experience more mental health problems and worse selfrated health, especially in women and with longer stay. |
Font-Ribera, L; Garc{í}a-Continente, X; Dav{ó}-Blanes, M C; Ariza, C; D{í}ez, E; {Garc{í}a Calvente}, M D M; Maroto, G; Su{á}rez, M; Rajmil, L El estudio de las desigualdades sociales en la salud infantil y adolescente en España Artículo de revista Gaceta Sanitaria, 28 (4), pp. 326–325, 2014. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Afers Socials, Infants @article{Font-Ribera2014, title = {El estudio de las desigualdades sociales en la salud infantil y adolescente en España}, author = {Font-Ribera, L. and Garc{í}a-Continente, X. and Dav{ó}-Blanes, M.C. and Ariza, C. and D{í}ez, E. and {Garc{í}a Calvente}, M.D.M. and Maroto, G. and Su{á}rez, M. and Rajmil, L.}, url = {http://ref.scielo.org/b2pc77}, doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2013.12.009}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Gaceta Sanitaria}, volume = {28}, number = {4}, pages = {326--325}, abstract = {Objective: To identify and describe studies on social inequalities in child and adolescent health conductedin Spain with special emphasis on social determinants. Methods: In July 2012, we conducted a systematic review in the PubMed, MEDES, SCOPUS and COCHRANEdatabases. We included studies on social inequalities in child and adolescent health in Spain publishedbetween 2000 and 2012. A total of 2147 abstracts were reviewed by two researchers and 80 manuscriptswere fully reviewed by three researchers. Risk of bias was assessed. Seventy-two articles were finallyincluded. Results: A total of 83% of the studies were cross-sectional and the most frequently studied age groupconsisted of 13-15-year-olds. More than 20 individual or group determinants were identified. The mostfrequently analyzed determinants were the most advantaged educational level and occupation of themother or the father. In 38% of the studies analyzing education and occupation, there was no definitionof the determinant. Social inequalities were detected in dental health with all determinants and in all agegroups (9% of studies with a high risk of bias). Social inequalities were also detected in obesity, physicalactivity and mental health with some determinants. Specific data were missing for younger children. Nosocial inequalities were found in the use of health services, excluding dental care. Few studies analyzedimmigration and 42% of them had a high risk of bias. textcopyright 2013 SESPAS.}, keywords = {Afers Socials, Infants}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objective: To identify and describe studies on social inequalities in child and adolescent health conductedin Spain with special emphasis on social determinants. Methods: In July 2012, we conducted a systematic review in the PubMed, MEDES, SCOPUS and COCHRANEdatabases. We included studies on social inequalities in child and adolescent health in Spain publishedbetween 2000 and 2012. A total of 2147 abstracts were reviewed by two researchers and 80 manuscriptswere fully reviewed by three researchers. Risk of bias was assessed. Seventy-two articles were finallyincluded. Results: A total of 83% of the studies were cross-sectional and the most frequently studied age groupconsisted of 13-15-year-olds. More than 20 individual or group determinants were identified. The mostfrequently analyzed determinants were the most advantaged educational level and occupation of themother or the father. In 38% of the studies analyzing education and occupation, there was no definitionof the determinant. Social inequalities were detected in dental health with all determinants and in all agegroups (9% of studies with a high risk of bias). Social inequalities were also detected in obesity, physicalactivity and mental health with some determinants. Specific data were missing for younger children. Nosocial inequalities were found in the use of health services, excluding dental care. Few studies analyzedimmigration and 42% of them had a high risk of bias. textcopyright 2013 SESPAS. |
Malmusi, D; Ortiz-Barreda, G Health inequalities in immigrant populations in Spain. A scoping review | Desigualdades sociales en salud en poblaciones inmigradas en España. Revisión de laliteratura Artículo de revista Revista Espanola de Salud Publica, 88 (6), 2014. @article{Malmusi2014b, title = {Health inequalities in immigrant populations in Spain. A scoping review | Desigualdades sociales en salud en poblaciones inmigradas en España. Revisión de laliteratura}, author = {Malmusi, D. and Ortiz-Barreda, G.}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Revista Espanola de Salud Publica}, volume = {88}, number = {6}, abstract = {textcopyright 2014, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo. All rights reserved.Background: Health differences between immigrants and natives should be analyzed from an equity perspective due to socioeconomic inequality between them. The aim of this study is to Know the influence of social determinants of health in the immigrant population in Spain and/or inequalities compared with the Spanish population. Methods: SA scoping review of the literature published in the period 1998-2012 was performed. The literature search was conducted on Medline and MEDES-MEDicina databases. All studies that include the participation of immigrant population from areas such as Latin America, Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe and performed in Spain were selected. Results: A27 articles were included. Most of the studies were published in the year 2009 (n=11). Twelve used population health surveys at national (n=6) and autonomous (n = 6) level.Atotal of 23 studies focused on adult population over 15 years. The most frequently studied indicators were self-rated health (n=9) and mental health (n=7). Conclusion: The immigrant population is exposed to lower socioeconomic status than natives and, despite a lower prevalence of chronic diseases, it appears to experience more mental health problems and worse selfrated health, especially in women and with longer stay.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } textcopyright 2014, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo. All rights reserved.Background: Health differences between immigrants and natives should be analyzed from an equity perspective due to socioeconomic inequality between them. The aim of this study is to Know the influence of social determinants of health in the immigrant population in Spain and/or inequalities compared with the Spanish population. Methods: SA scoping review of the literature published in the period 1998-2012 was performed. The literature search was conducted on Medline and MEDES-MEDicina databases. All studies that include the participation of immigrant population from areas such as Latin America, Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe and performed in Spain were selected. Results: A27 articles were included. Most of the studies were published in the year 2009 (n=11). Twelve used population health surveys at national (n=6) and autonomous (n = 6) level.Atotal of 23 studies focused on adult population over 15 years. The most frequently studied indicators were self-rated health (n=9) and mental health (n=7). Conclusion: The immigrant population is exposed to lower socioeconomic status than natives and, despite a lower prevalence of chronic diseases, it appears to experience more mental health problems and worse selfrated health, especially in women and with longer stay. |
Bernardi, Fabrizio ; Cebolla, Héctor Clase social de origen y rendimiento escolar como predictores de las trayectorias educativas Artículo de revista Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, pp. 3–22, 2014, ISSN: 02105233. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Afers Socials, Educació @article{bernardi_clase_2014, title = {Clase social de origen y rendimiento escolar como predictores de las trayectorias educativas}, author = {Bernardi, Fabrizio and Cebolla, Héctor}, url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cis/reis/2014/00000146/00000001/art00001}, doi = {10.5477/cis/reis.146.3}, issn = {02105233}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas}, pages = {3--22}, abstract = {This paper explores the impact of school performance (primary effects) and the structure of costs and benefits that individuals of different social class face (secondary effects) on the transition from compulsory to non-compulsory education in Spain. We find that both predictors of educational paths seem to operate through an interactive effect, which contributes to reproducing educational inequalities. This interaction suggests that school performance is not interpreted in the same way by individuals from different social classes. In concrete, the resources and social capital of upper class families provide compensation effects leading to a greater probability of students from upper classes with poor grades reaching post-compulsory secondary education and higher education in comparison to lower class students with the equivalent grades. Therefore, inequality by social class of origin is greatest among students with the lowest grades.}, keywords = {Afers Socials, Educació}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper explores the impact of school performance (primary effects) and the structure of costs and benefits that individuals of different social class face (secondary effects) on the transition from compulsory to non-compulsory education in Spain. We find that both predictors of educational paths seem to operate through an interactive effect, which contributes to reproducing educational inequalities. This interaction suggests that school performance is not interpreted in the same way by individuals from different social classes. In concrete, the resources and social capital of upper class families provide compensation effects leading to a greater probability of students from upper classes with poor grades reaching post-compulsory secondary education and higher education in comparison to lower class students with the equivalent grades. Therefore, inequality by social class of origin is greatest among students with the lowest grades. |
Creu Roja, L'Impacte de la crisi en les persones majors de 45 anys En línea 2014, visitado: 18.07.2017. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Adults, Crisi Econòmica @online{creu_roja_impacte_2014, title = {L'Impacte de la crisi en les persones majors de 45 anys}, author = {{Creu Roja}}, url = {http://www.creuroja.org/AP/cm/4343P242L8/L-impacte-de-la-crisi-en-les-persones-majors-de-45-anys—6e-estudi.aspx}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, urldate = {2017-07-18}, keywords = {Adults, Crisi Econòmica}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } |
Creu Roja, L'afectació de la crisi en la salut de les persones En línea 2014, visitado: 13.07.2017. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Salut @online{creu_roja_afectacio_2014, title = {L'afectació de la crisi en la salut de les persones}, author = {{Creu Roja}}, url = {http://www.creuroja.org/AP/cm/4733P242L8/L-afectacio-de-la-crisi-en-la-salut-de-les-persones—7e-estudi.aspx}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, urldate = {2017-07-13}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } |
Benedicto, Andreu Segura Recortes, austeridad y salud. Informe SESPAS 2014 Artículo de revista Gaceta Sanitaria, 28 (S1), pp. 7–11, 2014, ISSN: 02139111. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut @article{segura_benedicto_recortes_2014, title = {Recortes, austeridad y salud. Informe SESPAS 2014}, author = {Andreu Segura Benedicto}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0213911114000508}, doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2014.02.009}, issn = {02139111}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Gaceta Sanitaria}, volume = {28}, number = {S1}, pages = {7--11}, abstract = {Since 2009, the economic recession has led to cuts in spending on social welfare policy and in health care. The most important risks to health depend on negative changes in social determinants. Notable among these determinants are unemployment and the large proportion of people at risk of poverty, which affects 30% of children younger than 14 years. Social inequalities have increased significantly, much more than health inequalities, probably because the value of retirement pensions has been maintained until now. Most of the population is fairly satisfied with the public health system, although it is under considerable pressure. Mortality statistics have not been affected so far, but there has been an increase in mood disorders and mental health problems. Health services utilization has decreased and the number of publicly prescribed drugs has fallen dramatically. This restriction accounts for much of the decrease in public spending on health, since the hospital care budget has not decreased, despite the fall in primary care and public health spending. The crisis could encourage community health and the inclusion of health in all policies. It is the responsibility of professionals and public health institutions monitoring the trend in health problems and their determinants to avoid irreversible situations as far as possible. © 2013 SESPAS.}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Since 2009, the economic recession has led to cuts in spending on social welfare policy and in health care. The most important risks to health depend on negative changes in social determinants. Notable among these determinants are unemployment and the large proportion of people at risk of poverty, which affects 30% of children younger than 14 years. Social inequalities have increased significantly, much more than health inequalities, probably because the value of retirement pensions has been maintained until now. Most of the population is fairly satisfied with the public health system, although it is under considerable pressure. Mortality statistics have not been affected so far, but there has been an increase in mood disorders and mental health problems. Health services utilization has decreased and the number of publicly prescribed drugs has fallen dramatically. This restriction accounts for much of the decrease in public spending on health, since the hospital care budget has not decreased, despite the fall in primary care and public health spending. The crisis could encourage community health and the inclusion of health in all policies. It is the responsibility of professionals and public health institutions monitoring the trend in health problems and their determinants to avoid irreversible situations as far as possible. © 2013 SESPAS. |
Córdoba-Doña, Juan; Sebastián, Miguel San; Escolar-Pujolar, Antonio; Martínez-Faure, Jesús; Gustafsson, Per E Economic crisis and suicidal behaviour: the role of unemployment, sex and age in Andalusia, Southern Spain Artículo de revista International Journal for Equity in Health, 13 (1), 2014, ISSN: 1475-9276. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental @article{cordoba-dona_economic_2014, title = {Economic crisis and suicidal behaviour: the role of unemployment, sex and age in Andalusia, Southern Spain}, author = {Juan Córdoba-Doña and Miguel San Sebastián and Antonio Escolar-Pujolar and Jesús Martínez-Faure and Per E Gustafsson}, doi = {10.1186/1475-9276-13-55}, issn = {1475-9276}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {International Journal for Equity in Health}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Although suicide rates have increased in some European countries in relation to the current economic crisis and austerity policies, that trend has not been observed in Spain. This study examines the impact of the economic crisis on suicide attempts, the previously neglected endpoint of the suicidal process, and its relation to unemployment, age and sex.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: The study was carried out in Andalusia, the most populated region of Spain, and which has a high level of unemployment. Information on suicide attempts attended by emergency services was extracted from the Health Emergencies Public Enterprise Information System (SIEPES). Suicide attempts occurring between 2003 and 2012 were included, in order to cover five years prior to the crisis (2003-2007) and five years after its onset (2008-2012). Information was retrieved from 24,380 cases (11,494 men and 12,886 women) on sex, age, address, and type of attention provided. Age-adjusted suicide attempt rates were calculated. Excess numbers of attempts from 2008 to 2012 were estimated for each sex using historical trends of the five previous years, through time regression models using negative binomial regression analysis. To assess the association between unemployment and suicide attempts rates, linear regression models with fixed effects were performed.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: A sharp increase in suicide attempt rates in Andalusia was detected after the onset of the crisis, both in men and in women. Adults aged 35 to 54 years were the most affected in both sexes. Suicide attempt rates were associated with unemployment rates in men, accounting for almost half of the cases during the five initial years of the crisis. Women were also affected during the recession period but this association could not be specifically attributed to unemployment.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSIONS: This study enhances our understanding of the potential effects of the economic crisis on the rapidly increasing suicide attempt rates in women and men, and the association of unemployment with growing suicidal behaviour in men. Research on the suicide effects of the economic crisis may need to take into account earlier stages of the suicidal process, and that this effect may differ by age and sex.}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } INTRODUCTION: Although suicide rates have increased in some European countries in relation to the current economic crisis and austerity policies, that trend has not been observed in Spain. This study examines the impact of the economic crisis on suicide attempts, the previously neglected endpoint of the suicidal process, and its relation to unemployment, age and sex.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: The study was carried out in Andalusia, the most populated region of Spain, and which has a high level of unemployment. Information on suicide attempts attended by emergency services was extracted from the Health Emergencies Public Enterprise Information System (SIEPES). Suicide attempts occurring between 2003 and 2012 were included, in order to cover five years prior to the crisis (2003-2007) and five years after its onset (2008-2012). Information was retrieved from 24,380 cases (11,494 men and 12,886 women) on sex, age, address, and type of attention provided. Age-adjusted suicide attempt rates were calculated. Excess numbers of attempts from 2008 to 2012 were estimated for each sex using historical trends of the five previous years, through time regression models using negative binomial regression analysis. To assess the association between unemployment and suicide attempts rates, linear regression models with fixed effects were performed.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: A sharp increase in suicide attempt rates in Andalusia was detected after the onset of the crisis, both in men and in women. Adults aged 35 to 54 years were the most affected in both sexes. Suicide attempt rates were associated with unemployment rates in men, accounting for almost half of the cases during the five initial years of the crisis. Women were also affected during the recession period but this association could not be specifically attributed to unemployment.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSIONS: This study enhances our understanding of the potential effects of the economic crisis on the rapidly increasing suicide attempt rates in women and men, and the association of unemployment with growing suicidal behaviour in men. Research on the suicide effects of the economic crisis may need to take into account earlier stages of the suicidal process, and that this effect may differ by age and sex. |
Bartoll, Xavier; Pal??ncia, Laia; Malmusi, Davide; Suhrcke, Marc; Borrell, Carme The evolution of mental health in Spain during the economic crisis Artículo de revista European Journal of Public Health, 24 (3), 2014, ISSN: 1464360X. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Espanya, Salut Mental @article{bartoll_evolution_2014, title = {The evolution of mental health in Spain during the economic crisis}, author = {Xavier Bartoll and Laia Pal??ncia and Davide Malmusi and Marc Suhrcke and Carme Borrell}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckt208}, issn = {1464360X}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {24}, number = {3}, abstract = {We analyse how mental health and socioeconomic inequalities in the Spanish population aged 16-64 years have changed between 2006-2007 and 2011-2012. We observed an increase in the prevalence of poor mental health among men (prevalence ratio = 1.15, 95% CI 1.04-1.26], especially among those aged 35-54 years, those with primary and secondary education, those from semi-qualified social classes and among breadwinners. None of these associations remained after adjusting for working status. The relative index of inequality by social class increased for men from 1.02 to 1.08 (P = 0.001). We observed a slight decrease in the prevalence of poor mental health among women (prevalence ratio = 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.98), without any significant change in health inequality.}, keywords = {Espanya, Salut Mental}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We analyse how mental health and socioeconomic inequalities in the Spanish population aged 16-64 years have changed between 2006-2007 and 2011-2012. We observed an increase in the prevalence of poor mental health among men (prevalence ratio = 1.15, 95% CI 1.04-1.26], especially among those aged 35-54 years, those with primary and secondary education, those from semi-qualified social classes and among breadwinners. None of these associations remained after adjusting for working status. The relative index of inequality by social class increased for men from 1.02 to 1.08 (P = 0.001). We observed a slight decrease in the prevalence of poor mental health among women (prevalence ratio = 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.98), without any significant change in health inequality. |
2013 |
Legido-Quigley, Helena ; Urdaneta, Elena ; Gonzalez, Alvaro ; La Parra, Daniel ; Muntaner, Carles ; Alvarez-Dardet, Carlos ; Martin-Moreno, Jose M; McKee, Martin Erosion of universal health coverage in Spain Artículo de revista The Lancet, 382 (9909), pp. 1977, 2013, ISSN: 01406736. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Accés Serveis de Salut, Salut @article{legido-quigley_erosion_2013, title = {Erosion of universal health coverage in Spain}, author = {Legido-Quigley, Helena and Urdaneta, Elena and Gonzalez, Alvaro and La Parra, Daniel and Muntaner, Carles and Alvarez-Dardet, Carlos and Martin-Moreno, Jose M and McKee, Martin}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673613626495}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62649-5}, issn = {01406736}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-12-01}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {382}, number = {9909}, pages = {1977}, abstract = {Whereas the recent UN resolution urges governments to accelerate progress towards universal access to affordable and quality health-care services, the Spanish Government, bypassing the parliamentary procedure, enacted a Royal Decree to limit access to free services at the point of delivery for all—undermining the principle of universal coverage. Spanish health and social service budgets have been subjected to large cuts (13·7% in 2012 and 16·2% in 2013) with some regions imposing additional budget cuts.1$textbackslashbackslash$nAfter the Royal Decree implementation in September, 2012, about 873 000 non-residents (probably including migrants no longer living in Spain) have lost entitlement to comprehensive care.2 The government justifies the policy on austerity grounds, even though public expenditure on health care in Spain was already among the lowest in Europe before the recent changes.$textbackslashbackslash$nWith the new law, individuals losing entitlement to comprehensive care retain protection if they are younger than 18 years; during pregnancy, delivery, and post-partum period; and for emergency care after serious illness or injury. However, there are many obstacles. Medicos del Mundo have documented 1192 cases when people were unable to obtain care because of a lack of appropriate documentation, conflicting interpretations of the Decree, and in some cases discrimination and racism.3 Such changes could have serious consequences for population health, especially with regard to tuberculosis and HIV infections,4 and could threaten access to mental health, addiction, and chronic care services for vulnerable populations, such as the homeless.$textbackslashbackslash$nWhile the UN resolution calls upon governments to avoid substantial direct payments at the point of delivery, the Spanish Government has also introduced copayments for drugs. Pensioners will have to pay an increasing part of the cost of medicines. From October, 2013, patients with hepatitis C, HIV, rheumatoid arthritis, and some cancers will also have to pay 10% of their treatment costs in hospital pharmacies up to €4·20 per prescription.5 Even small out-of-pocket expenses are a barrier to effective treatment. The Federation of Associations Defending Public Health reports that 17% of pensioners could not complete the course of their treatment because of their high and increasing costs.6$textbackslashbackslash$nAt the European level, several reports are worth mentioning. According to Eurostat's At risk of poverty or social exclusion in the EU27, austerity measures could affect children in particular—they are disproportionately affected by the financial crisis with nearly 30% being at risk of poverty or social exclusion. The Council of Europe has raised concerns regarding the difficulties some children (ie, undocumented migrants) are facing in accessing health care.7 In its recent recommendations, the European Council has clearly emphasised the need for an assessment of the effects of austerity measures on vulnerable groups in Spain.$textbackslashbackslash$nAusterity measures adopted by Spain and other European countries have failed to heal their economies, and there is growing evidence that these measures threathen the health of their citizens.1, 4$textbackslashbackslash$nThere is still time to save the Spanish health system and reverse the restrictions limiting universal protection. It is possible to re-establish universal access to quality health-care services, free at the point of delivery, in line with the UN resolution.$textbackslashbackslash$nWe declare that we have no conflicts of interest.}, keywords = {Accés Serveis de Salut, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Whereas the recent UN resolution urges governments to accelerate progress towards universal access to affordable and quality health-care services, the Spanish Government, bypassing the parliamentary procedure, enacted a Royal Decree to limit access to free services at the point of delivery for all—undermining the principle of universal coverage. Spanish health and social service budgets have been subjected to large cuts (13·7% in 2012 and 16·2% in 2013) with some regions imposing additional budget cuts.1$textbackslashbackslash$nAfter the Royal Decree implementation in September, 2012, about 873 000 non-residents (probably including migrants no longer living in Spain) have lost entitlement to comprehensive care.2 The government justifies the policy on austerity grounds, even though public expenditure on health care in Spain was already among the lowest in Europe before the recent changes.$textbackslashbackslash$nWith the new law, individuals losing entitlement to comprehensive care retain protection if they are younger than 18 years; during pregnancy, delivery, and post-partum period; and for emergency care after serious illness or injury. However, there are many obstacles. Medicos del Mundo have documented 1192 cases when people were unable to obtain care because of a lack of appropriate documentation, conflicting interpretations of the Decree, and in some cases discrimination and racism.3 Such changes could have serious consequences for population health, especially with regard to tuberculosis and HIV infections,4 and could threaten access to mental health, addiction, and chronic care services for vulnerable populations, such as the homeless.$textbackslashbackslash$nWhile the UN resolution calls upon governments to avoid substantial direct payments at the point of delivery, the Spanish Government has also introduced copayments for drugs. Pensioners will have to pay an increasing part of the cost of medicines. From October, 2013, patients with hepatitis C, HIV, rheumatoid arthritis, and some cancers will also have to pay 10% of their treatment costs in hospital pharmacies up to €4·20 per prescription.5 Even small out-of-pocket expenses are a barrier to effective treatment. The Federation of Associations Defending Public Health reports that 17% of pensioners could not complete the course of their treatment because of their high and increasing costs.6$textbackslashbackslash$nAt the European level, several reports are worth mentioning. According to Eurostat's At risk of poverty or social exclusion in the EU27, austerity measures could affect children in particular—they are disproportionately affected by the financial crisis with nearly 30% being at risk of poverty or social exclusion. The Council of Europe has raised concerns regarding the difficulties some children (ie, undocumented migrants) are facing in accessing health care.7 In its recent recommendations, the European Council has clearly emphasised the need for an assessment of the effects of austerity measures on vulnerable groups in Spain.$textbackslashbackslash$nAusterity measures adopted by Spain and other European countries have failed to heal their economies, and there is growing evidence that these measures threathen the health of their citizens.1, 4$textbackslashbackslash$nThere is still time to save the Spanish health system and reverse the restrictions limiting universal protection. It is possible to re-establish universal access to quality health-care services, free at the point of delivery, in line with the UN resolution.$textbackslashbackslash$nWe declare that we have no conflicts of interest. |
Almeida, Lígia Moreira ; Caldas, José ; Ayres-de-Campos, Diogo ; Salcedo-Barrientos, Dora ; Dias, Sónia Maternal healthcare in migrants: a systematic review. Artículo de revista Maternal and child health journal, 17 (8), pp. 1346–1354, 2013, ISSN: 1573-6628. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Immigrants, Salut @article{almeida_maternal_2013, title = {Maternal healthcare in migrants: a systematic review.}, author = {Almeida, Lígia Moreira and Caldas, José and Ayres-de-Campos, Diogo and Salcedo-Barrientos, Dora and Dias, Sónia}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10995-012-1149-x }, doi = {10.1007/s10995-012-1149-x}, issn = {1573-6628}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-10-01}, journal = {Maternal and child health journal}, volume = {17}, number = {8}, pages = {1346--1354}, abstract = {Pregnancy is a period of increased vulnerability for migrant women, and access to healthcare, use and quality of care provided during this period are important aspects to characterize the support provided to this population. A systematic review of the scientific literature contained in the MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases was carried out, searching for population based studies published between 1990 and 2012 and reporting on maternal healthcare in immigrant populations. A total of 854 articles were retrieved and 30 publications met the inclusion criteria, being included in the final evaluation. The majority of studies point to a higher health risk profile in immigrants, with an increased incidence of co-morbidity in some populations, reduced access to health facilities particularly in illegal immigrants, poor communication between women and caregivers, a lower rate of obstetrical interventions, a higher incidence of stillbirth and early neonatal death, an increased risk of maternal death, and a higher incidence of postpartum depression. Incidences vary widely among different population groups. Some migrant populations are at a higher risk of serious complications during pregnancy, for reasons that include reduced access and use of healthcare facilities, as well as less optimal care, resulting in a higher incidence of adverse outcomes. Tackling these problems and achieving equality of care for all is a challenging aim for public healthcare services.}, keywords = {Immigrants, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Pregnancy is a period of increased vulnerability for migrant women, and access to healthcare, use and quality of care provided during this period are important aspects to characterize the support provided to this population. A systematic review of the scientific literature contained in the MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases was carried out, searching for population based studies published between 1990 and 2012 and reporting on maternal healthcare in immigrant populations. A total of 854 articles were retrieved and 30 publications met the inclusion criteria, being included in the final evaluation. The majority of studies point to a higher health risk profile in immigrants, with an increased incidence of co-morbidity in some populations, reduced access to health facilities particularly in illegal immigrants, poor communication between women and caregivers, a lower rate of obstetrical interventions, a higher incidence of stillbirth and early neonatal death, an increased risk of maternal death, and a higher incidence of postpartum depression. Incidences vary widely among different population groups. Some migrant populations are at a higher risk of serious complications during pregnancy, for reasons that include reduced access and use of healthcare facilities, as well as less optimal care, resulting in a higher incidence of adverse outcomes. Tackling these problems and achieving equality of care for all is a challenging aim for public healthcare services. |
O'Donnell, Catherine ; Burns, Nicola ; Dowrick, Christopher ; Lionis, Christos ; MacFarlane, Anne Health-care access for migrants in Europe. Artículo de revista The Lancet, 382 (9890), pp. 393, 2013, ISSN: 0140-6736. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Accés Serveis de Salut, Salut @article{odonnell_health-care_2013, title = {Health-care access for migrants in Europe.}, author = {O'Donnell, Catherine and Burns, Nicola and Dowrick, Christopher and Lionis, Christos and MacFarlane, Anne}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84881161947&partnerID=tZOtx3y1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61666-9}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61666-9}, issn = {0140-6736}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {382}, number = {9890}, pages = {393}, abstract = {The Health in Europe Series highlights two crucial issues: health-care access for migrants1 and the effect of austerity measures on health care.2$textbackslashbackslash$nThe RESTORE study is exploring the implementation of initiatives designed to support multicultural consultations in primary care, in six European countries (Austria, England, Greece, Ireland, Scotland, and the Netherlands).3 We wish to draw attention to the disproportionate effect that austerity measures are having on migrant health care, even in countries that seem less affected by the economic downturn.$textbackslashbackslash$nWe observe that an area particularly affected is the provision of interpretation services for patients who speak a foreign language. In the Netherlands, the government recently stopped paying for medical interpreter services.4 In England, the cost of National Health Service translation services has led to discussion about the provision of face-to-face interpreters. Out-of-pocket expenses and a lack of free health care for migrants are also affecting their ability to access health services. In Greece, migrants struggling to register their asylum claim are deemed to have irregular status and, as such, are unable to access medical care.5$textbackslashbackslash$nIn the Netherlands, all patients now have to make a financial contribution to their mental health care. Because migrants have a greater prevalence of mental health problems and are more likely to be on low incomes, this affects them disproportionately. In Scotland, mental health services for asylum seekers have been cut. In Ireland several agencies that supported migrant rights have had their funding cut. Changes to entitlements in England mean that asylum seekers whose applications have been refused can no longer access non-urgent secondary care services for free.$textbackslashbackslash$nAt times of financial hardship, there is a temptation to cut services targeted at minority populations, but this might affect other parts of the health system. Without translation services, patients who do not speak the first language of the country well are more likely to access health care at the most permeable part of the system—emergency departments. This might be inappropriate and, in the long term, costly. A lack of culturally and language appropriate preventive services might result in patients only accessing health care late. Increased reliance on copayments might further marginalise such groups.$textbackslashbackslash$nEvidence of the effects of the austerity measures is only emerging. We urge policy makers and governments to refrain from cutting services for some of the most vulnerable patients in society. The right to health must be protected, even in times of fiscal austerity.$textbackslashbackslash$nWe declare that we have no conflicts of interest.$textbackslashbackslash$n}, keywords = {Accés Serveis de Salut, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Health in Europe Series highlights two crucial issues: health-care access for migrants1 and the effect of austerity measures on health care.2$textbackslashbackslash$nThe RESTORE study is exploring the implementation of initiatives designed to support multicultural consultations in primary care, in six European countries (Austria, England, Greece, Ireland, Scotland, and the Netherlands).3 We wish to draw attention to the disproportionate effect that austerity measures are having on migrant health care, even in countries that seem less affected by the economic downturn.$textbackslashbackslash$nWe observe that an area particularly affected is the provision of interpretation services for patients who speak a foreign language. In the Netherlands, the government recently stopped paying for medical interpreter services.4 In England, the cost of National Health Service translation services has led to discussion about the provision of face-to-face interpreters. Out-of-pocket expenses and a lack of free health care for migrants are also affecting their ability to access health services. In Greece, migrants struggling to register their asylum claim are deemed to have irregular status and, as such, are unable to access medical care.5$textbackslashbackslash$nIn the Netherlands, all patients now have to make a financial contribution to their mental health care. Because migrants have a greater prevalence of mental health problems and are more likely to be on low incomes, this affects them disproportionately. In Scotland, mental health services for asylum seekers have been cut. In Ireland several agencies that supported migrant rights have had their funding cut. Changes to entitlements in England mean that asylum seekers whose applications have been refused can no longer access non-urgent secondary care services for free.$textbackslashbackslash$nAt times of financial hardship, there is a temptation to cut services targeted at minority populations, but this might affect other parts of the health system. Without translation services, patients who do not speak the first language of the country well are more likely to access health care at the most permeable part of the system—emergency departments. This might be inappropriate and, in the long term, costly. A lack of culturally and language appropriate preventive services might result in patients only accessing health care late. Increased reliance on copayments might further marginalise such groups.$textbackslashbackslash$nEvidence of the effects of the austerity measures is only emerging. We urge policy makers and governments to refrain from cutting services for some of the most vulnerable patients in society. The right to health must be protected, even in times of fiscal austerity.$textbackslashbackslash$nWe declare that we have no conflicts of interest.$textbackslashbackslash$n |
Barona-Vilar, Carmen ; M?s-Pons, Rosa ; Fullana-Montoro, Ana ; Giner-Monfort, Jordi ; Grau-Mu?oz, Arantxa ; Bisbal-Sanz, Josep Perceptions and experiences of parenthood and maternal health care among Latin American women living in Spain: A qualitative study Artículo de revista Midwifery, 29 (4), pp. 332–337, 2013, ISSN: 02666138. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Immigrants, Salut @article{barona-vilar_perceptions_2013, title = {Perceptions and experiences of parenthood and maternal health care among Latin American women living in Spain: A qualitative study}, author = {Barona-Vilar, Carmen and M?s-Pons, Rosa and Fullana-Montoro, Ana and Giner-Monfort, Jordi and Grau-Mu?oz, Arantxa and Bisbal-Sanz, Josep}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S026661381200023X}, doi = {10.1016/j.midw.2012.01.015}, issn = {02666138}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Midwifery}, volume = {29}, number = {4}, pages = {332--337}, abstract = {Objective: to explore the experiences and perceptions of parenthood and maternal health care among Latin American women living in Spain. Design: an exploratory qualitative research using focus groups and thematic analysis of the discussion. Setting and participants: three focus groups with 26 women from Bolivia and Ecuador and three focus groups with 24 midwives were performed in three towns in the Valencian Community receiving a large influx of immigrants. Findings: the women interpreted motherhood as the role through which they achieve fulfilment and assumed that they were the ones who could best take care of their children. They perceived that men usually make decisions about sex and pregnancy and recognised a poor or inadequate use of contraceptive methods in planning their pregnancies. Women reported that it was not necessary to go as soon and as frequently for health examinations during pregnancy as the midwives suggested. The main barriers identified to health-care services were linked to insecure or illegal employment status, inflexible appointment timetables for prenatal checkups and sometimes to ignorance about how public services worked. Key conclusions and implications for practice: empowering immigrant women is essential to having a long-term positive effect on their reproductive health. Antenatal care providers should be trained to build maternity care that is culturally sensitive and responds better to the health needs of different pregnant women and their newborns. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.}, keywords = {Immigrants, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objective: to explore the experiences and perceptions of parenthood and maternal health care among Latin American women living in Spain. Design: an exploratory qualitative research using focus groups and thematic analysis of the discussion. Setting and participants: three focus groups with 26 women from Bolivia and Ecuador and three focus groups with 24 midwives were performed in three towns in the Valencian Community receiving a large influx of immigrants. Findings: the women interpreted motherhood as the role through which they achieve fulfilment and assumed that they were the ones who could best take care of their children. They perceived that men usually make decisions about sex and pregnancy and recognised a poor or inadequate use of contraceptive methods in planning their pregnancies. Women reported that it was not necessary to go as soon and as frequently for health examinations during pregnancy as the midwives suggested. The main barriers identified to health-care services were linked to insecure or illegal employment status, inflexible appointment timetables for prenatal checkups and sometimes to ignorance about how public services worked. Key conclusions and implications for practice: empowering immigrant women is essential to having a long-term positive effect on their reproductive health. Antenatal care providers should be trained to build maternity care that is culturally sensitive and responds better to the health needs of different pregnant women and their newborns. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. |
Nacif-Gomera, María Loris ; Lorenzo-González, Rosalía ; Hernández, Mercedes ; Pérez-Martínez, Antonio AMOR II: an effort to eradicate psychosocial barriers induced by immigration phenomenon in children with cancer. Artículo de revista Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology, 35 (2), pp. 118–23, 2013, ISSN: 1536-3678. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Immigrants, Infants, Salut @article{nacif-gomera_amor_2013, title = {AMOR II: an effort to eradicate psychosocial barriers induced by immigration phenomenon in children with cancer.}, author = {Nacif-Gomera, María Loris and Lorenzo-González, Rosalía and Hernández, Mercedes and Pérez-Martínez, Antonio}, url = {http://journals.lww.com/jpho-online/Abstract/2013/03000/AMOR_II___An_Effort_to_Eradicate_Psychosocial.8.aspx}, doi = {10.1097/MPH.0b013e3182580c0c}, issn = {1536-3678}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {118--23}, abstract = {BACKGROUND Immigration in the childhood cancer population constitutes a stressor factor because of high biopsychosocial vulnerability. In recent years the incidence of immigrant children in our unit has increased. Since 2005 we have developed a psychosocial program to overcome this challenge. Our objective is to assess its impact on the immigrant pediatric population. PROCEDURE We have compared new cases (n=114) from 2005 to 2010 with historical cases (n=95) from 1995 to 2004. We administered a long-term follow-up questionnaire allowing for the assessment of symptoms associated with biopsychosocial variables. RESULTS Most of our immigrant patients came from Latin America and we observed a significant increase of cases coming from Morocco and Romania. The most common diagnosis was hematological malignancies. From 2005 to 2010 the disease status was mainly initial, whereas in the period 1995 to 2004 most of the patients arrived with advanced disease. Socioeconomic variables amongst these patients tended towards low incomes, high unemployment, and economic difficulties. The implementation of the biopsychosocial protocol AMOR II improved adaptation (P=0.012), the amount and understanding of information received (P=0.002), and family emotional support (P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS In brief, our biopsychosocial protocol had significantly increased some psychosocial variables. However, immigration in Spain is still associated with economic difficulties, "aculturism" and failure to adapt.}, keywords = {Immigrants, Infants, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND Immigration in the childhood cancer population constitutes a stressor factor because of high biopsychosocial vulnerability. In recent years the incidence of immigrant children in our unit has increased. Since 2005 we have developed a psychosocial program to overcome this challenge. Our objective is to assess its impact on the immigrant pediatric population. PROCEDURE We have compared new cases (n=114) from 2005 to 2010 with historical cases (n=95) from 1995 to 2004. We administered a long-term follow-up questionnaire allowing for the assessment of symptoms associated with biopsychosocial variables. RESULTS Most of our immigrant patients came from Latin America and we observed a significant increase of cases coming from Morocco and Romania. The most common diagnosis was hematological malignancies. From 2005 to 2010 the disease status was mainly initial, whereas in the period 1995 to 2004 most of the patients arrived with advanced disease. Socioeconomic variables amongst these patients tended towards low incomes, high unemployment, and economic difficulties. The implementation of the biopsychosocial protocol AMOR II improved adaptation (P=0.012), the amount and understanding of information received (P=0.002), and family emotional support (P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS In brief, our biopsychosocial protocol had significantly increased some psychosocial variables. However, immigration in Spain is still associated with economic difficulties, "aculturism" and failure to adapt. |
Síndic de Greuges de Catalunya, Informe sobre la malnutrició infantil a Catalunya Informe técnico Síndic de Greuges de Catalunya Barcelona, 2013. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Infants, Informes, Salut @techreport{sindic_de_greuges_de_catalunya_informe_2013, title = {Informe sobre la malnutrició infantil a Catalunya}, author = {{Síndic de Greuges de Catalunya}}, url = {http://www.sindic.cat/site/unitFiles/3506/Informe malnutricio infantil catala.pdf}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, pages = {30}, address = {Barcelona}, institution = {Síndic de Greuges de Catalunya}, keywords = {Infants, Informes, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } |
Síndic de Greuges de Catalunya, Informe sobre la pobresa energética a Catalunya Informe técnico Síndic de Greuges de Catalunya Barcelona, 2013. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Informes, Pobresa Energètica @techreport{sindic_de_greuges_de_catalunya_informe_2013-1, title = {Informe sobre la pobresa energética a Catalunya}, author = {{Síndic de Greuges de Catalunya}}, url = {http://www.sindic.cat/site/unitFiles/3530/Informe pobresa energetica definitiu.pdf}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, pages = {16}, address = {Barcelona}, institution = {Síndic de Greuges de Catalunya}, keywords = {Informes, Pobresa Energètica}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } |
Vázquez Navarrete, María Luisa ; Terraza-Núñez, Rebeca ; S-Hernández, Silvia ; Vargas, Ingrid ; Bosch, Lola ; González, Andrea ; Pequeño, Sandra ; Cantos, Raquel ; Martínez, Juan Ignacio ; López, Luís Andrés Are migrants health policies aimed at improving access to quality healthcare? An analysis of Spanish policies. Artículo de revista Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 113 (3), pp. 236–46, 2013, ISSN: 1872-6054. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Accés Serveis de Salut, Immigrants, Salut @article{vazquez_navarrete_are_2013, title = {Are migrants health policies aimed at improving access to quality healthcare? An analysis of Spanish policies.}, author = {Vázquez Navarrete, María Luisa and Terraza-Núñez, Rebeca and S-Hernández, Silvia and Vargas, Ingrid and Bosch, Lola and González, Andrea and Pequeño, Sandra and Cantos, Raquel and Martínez, Juan Ignacio and López, Luís Andrés}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168851013001693}, doi = {10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.06.007}, issn = {1872-6054}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)}, volume = {113}, number = {3}, pages = {236--46}, abstract = {Although until April 2012, all Spanish citizens regardless of their origin, residence status and work situation were entitled to health care, available evidence suggested inadequate access for immigrants. Following the Aday and Andersen model, we conducted an analysis of policy elements that affect immigrants' access to health care in Spain, based on documentary analysis of national policies and selected regional policies related to migrant health care. Selected documents were (a) laws and plans in force at the time containing migrant health policies and (b) evaluations. The analysis included policy principles, objectives, strategies and evaluations. Results show that the national and regional policies analyzed are based on the principle that health care is a right granted to immigrants by law. These policies include strategies to facilitate access to health care, reducing barriers for entry to the system, for example simplifying requirements and raising awareness, but mostly they address the necessary qualities for services to be able to attend to a more diverse population, such as the adaptation of resources and programs, or improved communication and training. However, limited planning was identified in terms of their implementation, necessary resources and evaluation. In conclusion, the policies address relevant barriers of access for migrants and signal improvements in the health system's responsiveness, but reinforcement is required in order for them to be effectively implemented.}, keywords = {Accés Serveis de Salut, Immigrants, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Although until April 2012, all Spanish citizens regardless of their origin, residence status and work situation were entitled to health care, available evidence suggested inadequate access for immigrants. Following the Aday and Andersen model, we conducted an analysis of policy elements that affect immigrants' access to health care in Spain, based on documentary analysis of national policies and selected regional policies related to migrant health care. Selected documents were (a) laws and plans in force at the time containing migrant health policies and (b) evaluations. The analysis included policy principles, objectives, strategies and evaluations. Results show that the national and regional policies analyzed are based on the principle that health care is a right granted to immigrants by law. These policies include strategies to facilitate access to health care, reducing barriers for entry to the system, for example simplifying requirements and raising awareness, but mostly they address the necessary qualities for services to be able to attend to a more diverse population, such as the adaptation of resources and programs, or improved communication and training. However, limited planning was identified in terms of their implementation, necessary resources and evaluation. In conclusion, the policies address relevant barriers of access for migrants and signal improvements in the health system's responsiveness, but reinforcement is required in order for them to be effectively implemented. |
Giliberti, Luca Escuela y reproducción social: las prácticas ocultas en los sistemas educativos español y dominicano Artículo de revista Mondi Migranti, (2), pp. 221–238, 2013, ISSN: 1972-4888. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Educació, Immigrants @article{giliberti_escuela_2013, title = {Escuela y reproducción social: las prácticas ocultas en los sistemas educativos español y dominicano}, author = {Giliberti, Luca}, url = {http://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_Riviste.asp?IDArticolo=49938}, doi = {10.3280/MM2013-002013}, issn = {1972-4888}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Mondi Migranti}, number = {2}, pages = {221--238}, keywords = {Educació, Immigrants}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Creu Roja, L'impacte de la crisi en la infància i l'entorn escolar En línea 2013, visitado: 18.07.2017. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Infants @online{creu_roja_impacte_2013, title = {L'impacte de la crisi en la infància i l'entorn escolar}, author = {{Creu Roja}}, url = {http://www.creuroja.org/AP/cm/3442P242L8/L-impacte-de-la-crisi-en-la-infancia-i-l-entorn-escolar—-4rt-estudi.aspx}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, urldate = {2017-07-18}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Infants}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } |
Creu Roja, Habitatge i col·lectius vulnerables En línea 2013, visitado: 18.07.2017. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Afers Socials, Habitatge @online{creu_roja_habitatge_2013, title = {Habitatge i col·lectius vulnerables}, author = {{Creu Roja}}, url = {http://www.creuroja.org/AP/cm/3814P242L8/Habitatge-i-col-lectius-vulnerables—5e-estudi.aspx}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, urldate = {2017-07-18}, keywords = {Afers Socials, Habitatge}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } |
Vives, Alejandra; Amable, Marcelo; Ferrer, Montserrat; Moncada, Salvador; Llorens, Clara; Muntaner, Carles; Benavides, Fernando G; Benach, Joan Employment precariousness and poor mental health: Evidence from spain on a new social determinant of health Artículo de revista Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2013 , 2013, ISSN: 16879805. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental @article{vives_employment_2013, title = {Employment precariousness and poor mental health: Evidence from spain on a new social determinant of health}, author = {Alejandra Vives and Marcelo Amable and Montserrat Ferrer and Salvador Moncada and Clara Llorens and Carles Muntaner and Fernando G Benavides and Joan Benach}, doi = {10.1155/2013/978656}, issn = {16879805}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Environmental and Public Health}, volume = {2013}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Evidence on the health-damaging effects of precarious employment is limited by the use of one-dimensional approaches focused on employment instability. This study assesses the association between precarious employment and poor mental health using the multidimensional Employment Precariousness Scale.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: Cross-sectional study of 5679 temporary and permanent workers from the population-based Psychosocial Factors Survey was carried out in 2004-2005 in Spain. Poor mental health was defined as SF-36 mental health scores below the 25th percentile of the Spanish reference for each respondent's sex and age. Prevalence proportion ratios (PPRs) of poor mental health across quintiles of employment precariousness (reference: 1st quintile) were calculated with log-binomial regressions, separately for women and men.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: Crude PPRs showed a gradient association with poor mental health and remained generally unchanged after adjustments for age, immigrant status, socioeconomic position, and previous unemployment. Fully adjusted PPRs for the 5th quintile were 2.54 (95% CI: 1.95-3.31) for women and 2.23 (95% CI: 1.86-2.68) for men.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSION: The study finds a gradient association between employment precariousness and poor mental health, which was somewhat stronger among women, suggesting an interaction with gender-related power asymmetries. Further research is needed to strengthen the epidemiological evidence base and to inform labour market policy-making.}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Evidence on the health-damaging effects of precarious employment is limited by the use of one-dimensional approaches focused on employment instability. This study assesses the association between precarious employment and poor mental health using the multidimensional Employment Precariousness Scale.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: Cross-sectional study of 5679 temporary and permanent workers from the population-based Psychosocial Factors Survey was carried out in 2004-2005 in Spain. Poor mental health was defined as SF-36 mental health scores below the 25th percentile of the Spanish reference for each respondent's sex and age. Prevalence proportion ratios (PPRs) of poor mental health across quintiles of employment precariousness (reference: 1st quintile) were calculated with log-binomial regressions, separately for women and men.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: Crude PPRs showed a gradient association with poor mental health and remained generally unchanged after adjustments for age, immigrant status, socioeconomic position, and previous unemployment. Fully adjusted PPRs for the 5th quintile were 2.54 (95% CI: 1.95-3.31) for women and 2.23 (95% CI: 1.86-2.68) for men.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSION: The study finds a gradient association between employment precariousness and poor mental health, which was somewhat stronger among women, suggesting an interaction with gender-related power asymmetries. Further research is needed to strengthen the epidemiological evidence base and to inform labour market policy-making. |
Martinez-Beneito, Miguel A; Zurriaga, Oscar; Botella-Rocamora, Paloma; Marí-Dell'Olmo, Marc; Nolasco, Andreu; Moncho, Joaquín; Daponte, Antonio; Domínguez-Berjón, Felicitas M; Gandarillas, Ana; Martos, Carmen; Montoya, Imanol; Sánchez-Villegas, Pablo; Taracido, Margarita; Borrell, Carme Do socioeconomic inequalities in mortality vary between different Spanish cities? a pooled cross-sectional analysis Artículo de revista BMC Public Health, 13 (1), 2013, ISSN: 1471-2458. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut @article{martinez-beneito_socioeconomic_2013, title = {Do socioeconomic inequalities in mortality vary between different Spanish cities? a pooled cross-sectional analysis}, author = {Miguel A Martinez-Beneito and Oscar Zurriaga and Paloma Botella-Rocamora and Marc Marí-Dell'Olmo and Andreu Nolasco and Joaquín Moncho and Antonio Daponte and Felicitas M Domínguez-Berjón and Ana Gandarillas and Carmen Martos and Imanol Montoya and Pablo Sánchez-Villegas and Margarita Taracido and Carme Borrell}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2458-13-480}, issn = {1471-2458}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The relationship between deprivation and mortality in urban settings is well established. This relationship has been found for several causes of death in Spanish cities in independent analyses (the MEDEA project). However, no joint analysis which pools the strength of this relationship across several cities has ever been undertaken. Such an analysis would determine, if appropriate, a joint relationship by linking the associations found.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: A pooled cross-sectional analysis of the data from the MEDEA project has been carried out for each of the causes of death studied. Specifically, a meta-analysis has been carried out to pool the relative risks in eleven Spanish cities. Different deprivation-mortality relationships across the cities are considered in the analysis (fixed and random effects models). The size of the cities is also considered as a possible factor explaining differences between cities.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: Twenty studies have been carried out for different combinations of sex and causes of death. For nine of them (men: prostate cancer, diabetes, mental illnesses, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease; women: diabetes, mental illnesses, respiratory diseases, cirrhosis) no differences were found between cities in the effect of deprivation on mortality; in four cases (men: respiratory diseases, all causes of mortality; women: breast cancer, Alzheimer's disease) differences not associated with the size of the city have been determined; in two cases (men: cirrhosis; women: lung cancer) differences strictly linked to the size of the city have been determined, and in five cases (men: lung cancer, ischaemic heart disease; women: ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, all causes of mortality) both kinds of differences have been found. Except for lung cancer in women, every significant relationship between deprivation and mortality goes in the same direction: deprivation increases mortality. Variability in the relative risks across cities was found for general mortality for both sexes.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSIONS: This study provides a general overview of the relationship between deprivation and mortality for a sample of large Spanish cities combined. This joint study allows the exploration of and, if appropriate, the quantification of the variability in that relationship for the set of cities considered.}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: The relationship between deprivation and mortality in urban settings is well established. This relationship has been found for several causes of death in Spanish cities in independent analyses (the MEDEA project). However, no joint analysis which pools the strength of this relationship across several cities has ever been undertaken. Such an analysis would determine, if appropriate, a joint relationship by linking the associations found.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: A pooled cross-sectional analysis of the data from the MEDEA project has been carried out for each of the causes of death studied. Specifically, a meta-analysis has been carried out to pool the relative risks in eleven Spanish cities. Different deprivation-mortality relationships across the cities are considered in the analysis (fixed and random effects models). The size of the cities is also considered as a possible factor explaining differences between cities.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: Twenty studies have been carried out for different combinations of sex and causes of death. For nine of them (men: prostate cancer, diabetes, mental illnesses, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease; women: diabetes, mental illnesses, respiratory diseases, cirrhosis) no differences were found between cities in the effect of deprivation on mortality; in four cases (men: respiratory diseases, all causes of mortality; women: breast cancer, Alzheimer's disease) differences not associated with the size of the city have been determined; in two cases (men: cirrhosis; women: lung cancer) differences strictly linked to the size of the city have been determined, and in five cases (men: lung cancer, ischaemic heart disease; women: ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, all causes of mortality) both kinds of differences have been found. Except for lung cancer in women, every significant relationship between deprivation and mortality goes in the same direction: deprivation increases mortality. Variability in the relative risks across cities was found for general mortality for both sexes.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSIONS: This study provides a general overview of the relationship between deprivation and mortality for a sample of large Spanish cities combined. This joint study allows the exploration of and, if appropriate, the quantification of the variability in that relationship for the set of cities considered. |
Gili, Margalida; Roca, Miquel; Basu, Sanjay; McKee, Martin; Stuckler, David The mental health risks of economic crisis in Spain: Evidence from primary care centres, 2006 and 2010 Artículo de revista European Journal of Public Health, 23 (1), 2013, ISSN: 11011262. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental @article{gili_mental_2013, title = {The mental health risks of economic crisis in Spain: Evidence from primary care centres, 2006 and 2010}, author = {Margalida Gili and Miquel Roca and Sanjay Basu and Martin McKee and David Stuckler}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/cks035}, issn = {11011262}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nearly all European countries have been affected by the economic crisis that began in 2007, but the consequences have been among the worst in Spain. We investigated the associations of the recession on the frequency of mood, anxiety, somatoform, alcohol-related and eating disorders among those visiting Spanish primary care settings. METHODS: Primary care physicians selected randomized samples of patients attending primary care centres representing Spain's consulting populations. A total of 7940 patients in 2006-07 and 5876 in 2010-11 were administered the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) instrument to diagnose mental disorders. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to quantify overall changes in the frequency of mental disorders, adjusting for potential socio-demographic differences in consulting populations unrelated to economic factors. RESULTS: Compared with the pre-crisis period of 2006, the 2010 survey revealed substantial and significant increases in the proportion of patients with mood (19.4% in major depression), anxiety (8.4% in generalized anxiety disorder), somatoform (7.3%) and alcohol-related disorders (4.6% in alcohol dependence), all significant at P textbackslashtextless 0.001, but not in eating disorders (0.15%}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Nearly all European countries have been affected by the economic crisis that began in 2007, but the consequences have been among the worst in Spain. We investigated the associations of the recession on the frequency of mood, anxiety, somatoform, alcohol-related and eating disorders among those visiting Spanish primary care settings. METHODS: Primary care physicians selected randomized samples of patients attending primary care centres representing Spain's consulting populations. A total of 7940 patients in 2006-07 and 5876 in 2010-11 were administered the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) instrument to diagnose mental disorders. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to quantify overall changes in the frequency of mental disorders, adjusting for potential socio-demographic differences in consulting populations unrelated to economic factors. RESULTS: Compared with the pre-crisis period of 2006, the 2010 survey revealed substantial and significant increases in the proportion of patients with mood (19.4% in major depression), anxiety (8.4% in generalized anxiety disorder), somatoform (7.3%) and alcohol-related disorders (4.6% in alcohol dependence), all significant at P textbackslashtextless 0.001, but not in eating disorders (0.15% |
Bernal, James Lopez A; Gasparrini, Antonio; Artundo, Carlos M; McKee, Martin The effect of the late 2000s financial crisis on suicides in Spain: An interrupted time-series analysis Artículo de revista European Journal of Public Health, 23 (5), 2013, ISSN: 11011262. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Salut Mental @article{lopez_bernal_effect_2013, title = {The effect of the late 2000s financial crisis on suicides in Spain: An interrupted time-series analysis}, author = {James A Lopez Bernal and Antonio Gasparrini and Carlos M Artundo and Martin McKee}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckt083}, issn = {11011262}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {23}, number = {5}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The current financial crisis is having a major impact on European economies, especially that of Spain. Past evidence suggests that adverse macro-economic conditions exacerbate mental illness, but evidence from the current crisis is limited. This study analyses the association between the financial crisis and suicide rates in Spain. METHODS: An interrupted time-series analysis of national suicides data between 2005 and 2010 was used to establish whether there has been any deviation in the underlying trend in suicide rates associated with the financial crisis. Segmented regression with a seasonally adjusted quasi-Poisson model was used for the analysis. Stratified analyses were performed to establish whether the effect of the crisis on suicides varied by region, sex and age group. RESULTS: The mean monthly suicide rate in Spain during the study period was 0.61 per 100 000 with an underlying trend of a 0.3% decrease per month. We found an 8.0% increase in the suicide rate above this underlying trend since the financial crisis (95% CI: 1.009-1.156; P = 0.03); this was robust to sensitivity analysis. A control analysis showed no change in deaths from accidental falls associated with the crisis. Stratified analyses suggested that the association between the crisis and suicide rates is greatest in the Mediterranean and Northern areas, in males and amongst those of working age. CONCLUSIONS: The financial crisis in Spain has been associated with a relative increase in suicides. Males and those of working age may be at particular risk of suicide associated with the crisis and may benefit from targeted interventions.}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Salut Mental}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: The current financial crisis is having a major impact on European economies, especially that of Spain. Past evidence suggests that adverse macro-economic conditions exacerbate mental illness, but evidence from the current crisis is limited. This study analyses the association between the financial crisis and suicide rates in Spain. METHODS: An interrupted time-series analysis of national suicides data between 2005 and 2010 was used to establish whether there has been any deviation in the underlying trend in suicide rates associated with the financial crisis. Segmented regression with a seasonally adjusted quasi-Poisson model was used for the analysis. Stratified analyses were performed to establish whether the effect of the crisis on suicides varied by region, sex and age group. RESULTS: The mean monthly suicide rate in Spain during the study period was 0.61 per 100 000 with an underlying trend of a 0.3% decrease per month. We found an 8.0% increase in the suicide rate above this underlying trend since the financial crisis (95% CI: 1.009-1.156; P = 0.03); this was robust to sensitivity analysis. A control analysis showed no change in deaths from accidental falls associated with the crisis. Stratified analyses suggested that the association between the crisis and suicide rates is greatest in the Mediterranean and Northern areas, in males and amongst those of working age. CONCLUSIONS: The financial crisis in Spain has been associated with a relative increase in suicides. Males and those of working age may be at particular risk of suicide associated with the crisis and may benefit from targeted interventions. |
Karanikolos, Marina; Mladovsky, Philipa; Cylus, Jonathan; Thomson, Sarah; Basu, Sanjay; Stuckler, David; MacKenbach, Johan P; McKee, Martin Financial crisis, austerity, and health in Europe Artículo de revista The Lancet, 381 (9874), 2013, ISSN: 01406736. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Salut @article{karanikolos_financial_2013, title = {Financial crisis, austerity, and health in Europe}, author = {Marina Karanikolos and Philipa Mladovsky and Jonathan Cylus and Sarah Thomson and Sanjay Basu and David Stuckler and Johan P MacKenbach and Martin McKee}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60102-6}, issn = {01406736}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {381}, number = {9874}, abstract = {The financial crisis in Europe has posed major threats and opportunities to health. We trace the origins of the economic crisis in Europe and the responses of governments, examine the effect on health systems, and review the effects of previous economic downturns on health to predict the likely consequences for the present. We then compare our predictions with available evidence for the effects of the crisis on health. Whereas immediate rises in suicides and falls in road traffic deaths were anticipated, other consequences, such as HIV outbreaks, were not, and are better understood as products of state retrenchment. Greece, Spain, and Portugal adopted strict fiscal austerity; their economies continue to recede and strain on their health-care systems is growing. Suicides and outbreaks of infectious diseases are becoming more common in these countries, and budget cuts have restricted access to health care. By contrast, Iceland rejected austerity through a popular vote, and the financial crisis seems to have had few or no discernible effects on health. Although there are many potentially confounding differences between countries, our analysis suggests that, although recessions pose risks to health, the interaction of fiscal austerity with economic shocks and weak social protection is what ultimately seems to escalate health and social crises in Europe. Policy decisions about how to respond to economic crises have pronounced and unintended effects on public health, yet public health voices have remained largely silent during the economic crisis.}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The financial crisis in Europe has posed major threats and opportunities to health. We trace the origins of the economic crisis in Europe and the responses of governments, examine the effect on health systems, and review the effects of previous economic downturns on health to predict the likely consequences for the present. We then compare our predictions with available evidence for the effects of the crisis on health. Whereas immediate rises in suicides and falls in road traffic deaths were anticipated, other consequences, such as HIV outbreaks, were not, and are better understood as products of state retrenchment. Greece, Spain, and Portugal adopted strict fiscal austerity; their economies continue to recede and strain on their health-care systems is growing. Suicides and outbreaks of infectious diseases are becoming more common in these countries, and budget cuts have restricted access to health care. By contrast, Iceland rejected austerity through a popular vote, and the financial crisis seems to have had few or no discernible effects on health. Although there are many potentially confounding differences between countries, our analysis suggests that, although recessions pose risks to health, the interaction of fiscal austerity with economic shocks and weak social protection is what ultimately seems to escalate health and social crises in Europe. Policy decisions about how to respond to economic crises have pronounced and unintended effects on public health, yet public health voices have remained largely silent during the economic crisis. |
Gallo, Pedro; Gené-Badia, Joan Cuts drive health system reforms in Spain Artículo de revista Health Policy, 113 (1-2), pp. 1–7, 2013, ISSN: 01688510. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Espanya, Salut @article{gallo_cuts_2013, title = {Cuts drive health system reforms in Spain}, author = {Pedro Gallo and Joan Gené-Badia}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168851013001784}, doi = {10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.06.016}, issn = {01688510}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Health Policy}, volume = {113}, number = {1-2}, pages = {1--7}, abstract = {The economic crisis is largely shaping health policy in Spain. This paper reports on major changes in the health care system, both nationally and regionally, as a consequence of sizable cutbacks and new pieces of legislation. The most relevant changes to the system introduced during the last year are having an impact on who is insured, which benefits are covered, and what share of the cost of service provision is contributed by the population, while at the same time reducing salaries and working conditions in the sector. We further report on the consequences these changes are having, and the roles played by key actors and organisations in the system. ?? 2013 The Authors.}, keywords = {Espanya, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The economic crisis is largely shaping health policy in Spain. This paper reports on major changes in the health care system, both nationally and regionally, as a consequence of sizable cutbacks and new pieces of legislation. The most relevant changes to the system introduced during the last year are having an impact on who is insured, which benefits are covered, and what share of the cost of service provision is contributed by the population, while at the same time reducing salaries and working conditions in the sector. We further report on the consequences these changes are having, and the roles played by key actors and organisations in the system. ?? 2013 The Authors. |
Rechel, Bernd; Mladovsky, Philipa; Ingleby, David; Mackenbach, Johan P; McKee, Martin Migration and health in an increasingly diverse Europe Artículo de revista The Lancet, 381 (9873), 2013, ISSN: 01406736. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Europa, Immigrants, Salut @article{rechel_migration_2013, title = {Migration and health in an increasingly diverse Europe}, author = {Bernd Rechel and Philipa Mladovsky and David Ingleby and Johan P Mackenbach and Martin McKee}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62086-8}, issn = {01406736}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {381}, number = {9873}, abstract = {The share of migrants in European populations is substantial and growing, despite a slowdown in immigration after the global economic crisis. This paper describes key aspects of migration and health in Europe, including the scale of international migration, available data for migrant health, barriers to accessing health services, ways of improving health service provision to migrants, and migrant health policies that have been adopted across Europe. Improvement of migrant health and provision of access for migrants to appropriate health services is not without challenges, but knowledge about what steps need to be taken to achieve these aims is increasing.}, keywords = {Europa, Immigrants, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The share of migrants in European populations is substantial and growing, despite a slowdown in immigration after the global economic crisis. This paper describes key aspects of migration and health in Europe, including the scale of international migration, available data for migrant health, barriers to accessing health services, ways of improving health service provision to migrants, and migrant health policies that have been adopted across Europe. Improvement of migrant health and provision of access for migrants to appropriate health services is not without challenges, but knowledge about what steps need to be taken to achieve these aims is increasing. |
Roca, Miquel; Gili, Margarita; Garcia-Campayo, Javier; García-Toro, Mauro Economic crisis and mental health in Spain Artículo de revista The Lancet, 382 (9909), 2013, ISSN: 01406736. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental @article{roca_economic_2013, title = {Economic crisis and mental health in Spain}, author = {Miquel Roca and Margarita Gili and Javier Garcia-Campayo and Mauro García-Toro}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62650-1}, issn = {01406736}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {382}, number = {9909}, abstract = {Many agree that economic crisis, unemployment, and low incomes are associated with poor health; and this might be particularly relevant for mental health.1 The economic crisis in Europe is particularly severe in Greece, Portugal, and Spain, and controversies have arisen around the consequences of the financial crisis on health and suicides rates. Fountoulakis and colleagues2 argued that there is no evidence to support a causal link between the financial crisis and suicide, questioning the reliability of the Greek official data on suicide rates. It is important to note that suicide rates in south European countries are lower than those in other European countries.3 Between 1997 and 2007, Spain's economy was one of the fastest growing in Europe. At present, 25% of Spanish people of working age are unemployed, the highest rate in Europe. According to the Spanish National Institute of Statistics suicide rates in Spain (table) decreased between 2008 and 2011. However, Lopez-Bernal and colleagues noted an increase of suicide in working-age men.4}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Many agree that economic crisis, unemployment, and low incomes are associated with poor health; and this might be particularly relevant for mental health.1 The economic crisis in Europe is particularly severe in Greece, Portugal, and Spain, and controversies have arisen around the consequences of the financial crisis on health and suicides rates. Fountoulakis and colleagues2 argued that there is no evidence to support a causal link between the financial crisis and suicide, questioning the reliability of the Greek official data on suicide rates. It is important to note that suicide rates in south European countries are lower than those in other European countries.3 Between 1997 and 2007, Spain's economy was one of the fastest growing in Europe. At present, 25% of Spanish people of working age are unemployed, the highest rate in Europe. According to the Spanish National Institute of Statistics suicide rates in Spain (table) decreased between 2008 and 2011. However, Lopez-Bernal and colleagues noted an increase of suicide in working-age men.4 |
Campos-Serna, Javier; Ronda-Pérez, Elena; Artazcoz, Lucia; Moen, Bente E; Benavides, Fernando G Gender inequalities in occupational health related to the unequal distribution of working and employment conditions: a systematic review Artículo de revista International Journal for Equity in Health, 12 (1), 2013, ISSN: 1475-9276. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Génere, Treball @article{campos-serna_gender_2013, title = {Gender inequalities in occupational health related to the unequal distribution of working and employment conditions: a systematic review}, author = {Javier Campos-Serna and Elena Ronda-Pérez and Lucia Artazcoz and Bente E Moen and Fernando G Benavides}, doi = {10.1186/1475-9276-12-57}, issn = {1475-9276}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {International Journal for Equity in Health}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Gender inequalities exist in work life, but little is known about their presence in relation to factors examined in occupation health settings. The aim of this study was to identify and summarize the working and employment conditions described as determinants of gender inequalities in occupational health in studies related to occupational health published between 1999 and 2010.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: A systematic literature review was undertaken of studies available in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Sociological Abstracts, LILACS, EconLit and CINAHL between 1999 and 2010. Epidemiologic studies were selected by applying a set of inclusion criteria to the title, abstract, and complete text. The quality of the studies was also assessed. Selected studies were qualitatively analysed, resulting in a compilation of all differences between women and men in the prevalence of exposure to working and employment conditions and work-related health problems as outcomes.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: Most of the 30 studies included were conducted in Europe (n=19) and had a cross-sectional design (n=24). The most common topic analysed was related to the exposure to work-related psychosocial hazards (n=8). Employed women had more job insecurity, lower control, worse contractual working conditions and poorer self-perceived physical and mental health than men did. Conversely, employed men had a higher degree of physically demanding work, lower support, higher levels of effort-reward imbalance, higher job status, were more exposed to noise and worked longer hours than women did.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSIONS: This systematic review has identified a set of working and employment conditions as determinants of gender inequalities in occupational health from the occupational health literature. These results may be useful to policy makers seeking to reduce gender inequalities in occupational health, and to researchers wishing to analyse these determinants in greater depth.}, keywords = {Génere, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } INTRODUCTION: Gender inequalities exist in work life, but little is known about their presence in relation to factors examined in occupation health settings. The aim of this study was to identify and summarize the working and employment conditions described as determinants of gender inequalities in occupational health in studies related to occupational health published between 1999 and 2010.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: A systematic literature review was undertaken of studies available in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Sociological Abstracts, LILACS, EconLit and CINAHL between 1999 and 2010. Epidemiologic studies were selected by applying a set of inclusion criteria to the title, abstract, and complete text. The quality of the studies was also assessed. Selected studies were qualitatively analysed, resulting in a compilation of all differences between women and men in the prevalence of exposure to working and employment conditions and work-related health problems as outcomes.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: Most of the 30 studies included were conducted in Europe (n=19) and had a cross-sectional design (n=24). The most common topic analysed was related to the exposure to work-related psychosocial hazards (n=8). Employed women had more job insecurity, lower control, worse contractual working conditions and poorer self-perceived physical and mental health than men did. Conversely, employed men had a higher degree of physically demanding work, lower support, higher levels of effort-reward imbalance, higher job status, were more exposed to noise and worked longer hours than women did.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSIONS: This systematic review has identified a set of working and employment conditions as determinants of gender inequalities in occupational health from the occupational health literature. These results may be useful to policy makers seeking to reduce gender inequalities in occupational health, and to researchers wishing to analyse these determinants in greater depth. |
2012 |
Bartelheimer, Peter ; Verd, Joan Miquel ; Lehwess-Litzmann, Ren{é} ; L{ó}pez-Andreu, Mart{í} ; Schmidt, Tanja Unemployment, intervention and capabilities. A comparative study of Germany and Spain Artículo de revista Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 18 (1), pp. 31–44, 2012, ISSN: 1024-2589. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Treball @article{Bartelheimer2012a, title = {Unemployment, intervention and capabilities. A comparative study of Germany and Spain}, author = {Bartelheimer, Peter and Verd, Joan Miquel and Lehwess-Litzmann, Ren{é} and L{ó}pez-Andreu, Mart{í} and Schmidt, Tanja}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1024258911431199}, doi = {10.1177/1024258911431199}, issn = {1024-2589}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-02-01}, journal = {Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research}, volume = {18}, number = {1}, pages = {31--44}, abstract = {Over the past 20 years, the social protection measures devoted to unemployed people in Europe have become more diverse. In an attempt to complement or curb cash transfers, many countries have put measures, services in kind and activation policies at the centre of social protection against unemployment. This article compares two countries with different policies: Spain, which still has very ‘traditional' unemployment support with little emphasis on activation, and Germany, where there has in recent years been rapid change towards activation measures. The article evaluates these policies and their consequences on the unemployed by means of the capability model, investigating comparatively the effects of institutional intervention on the real set of options available to the unemployed in finding a decent job or pursuing training or other activities. The authors argue that cash transfers can increase capabilities ‘by default', whereas more intervention-oriented public employment services need to give unemployed workers an active part in ‘tailoring' supports to their needs. En Europe, au cours de ces 20 dernières années, les mesures de protection sociale destinées aux chômeurs ont connu une diversification croissante. Pour tenter de compléter ou de réduire les transferts d'argent, de nombreux pays ont placé des mesures, des services en nature et des politiques d'activation au coeur de la protection sociale contre le chômage. Cet article compare deux pays menant des politiques différentes: l'Espagne, qui connaît toujours un soutien très « traditionnel » en faveur des chômeurs et met peu l'accent sur l'activation, et l'Allemagne, qui a connu ces dernières années un changement rapide en faveur des mesures d'activation. L'article évalue ces politiques et leurs conséquences sur les chômeurs au moyen du modèle des capacités, en étudiant dans une perspective comparative les effets de l'intervention institutionnelle sur l'éventail des options réellement disponibles aux chômeurs pour trouver un emploi décent, pour suivre une formation ou pour mener d'autres activités. Les auteurs indiquent que les transferts d'argent peuvent accroître les capacités « par défaut » alors que les services publics de l'emploi davantage axés sur l'orientation doivent donner aux travailleurs sans emploi un rôle actif pour que les soutiens apportés soient davantage « taillés sur mesure », en fonction de leurs besoins. In den vergangenen zwanzig Jahren haben sich die sozialen Sicherungen für Arbeitslose in Europa ausdifferenziert. Um Geldleistungen zu ergänzen oder zu beschneiden, haben viele Staaten Dienstleistungen und Aktivierungsmaßnahmen in den Mittelpunkt der sozialen Sicherung bei Arbeitslosigkeit gestellt. Dieser Artikel vergleicht zwei Länder, deren politische Strategien sich unterscheiden: Spanien erbringt vor allem “traditionelle” Lohnersatzleistungen und verfolgt kaum aktivierende Ansätze, wogegen Deutschland in den letzten Jahren rasch auf einen Aktivierungskurs einschwenkte. Dieser Artikel nutzt das Modell der Verwirklichungschancen (“capabilities”), um diese politischen Strategien und ihre Wirkungen für die Arbeitslosen zu evaluieren. Er untersucht vergleichend, wie die institutionellen Interventionen sich auf die Bündel wirklicher Optionen auswirken, über die Arbeitslose verfügen, um eine angemessene Stelle zu finden, sich beruflich weiterzubilden oder anderen Aktivitäten nachzugehen. Der Autorin und den Autoren zufolge können Lohnersatzleistungen als “hilfsweise” chancenfreundlich gelten. Eine stärker auf Intervention orientierte Arbeitsverwaltung müsste jedoch Arbeitsuchende aktiver daran beteiligen, Unterstützungsleistungen “passgenau” an ihren Bedarfen auszurichten. textcopyright 2012, European Trade Union Institute. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over the past 20 years, the social protection measures devoted to unemployed people in Europe have become more diverse. In an attempt to complement or curb cash transfers, many countries have put measures, services in kind and activation policies at the centre of social protection against unemployment. This article compares two countries with different policies: Spain, which still has very ‘traditional' unemployment support with little emphasis on activation, and Germany, where there has in recent years been rapid change towards activation measures. The article evaluates these policies and their consequences on the unemployed by means of the capability model, investigating comparatively the effects of institutional intervention on the real set of options available to the unemployed in finding a decent job or pursuing training or other activities. The authors argue that cash transfers can increase capabilities ‘by default', whereas more intervention-oriented public employment services need to give unemployed workers an active part in ‘tailoring' supports to their needs. En Europe, au cours de ces 20 dernières années, les mesures de protection sociale destinées aux chômeurs ont connu une diversification croissante. Pour tenter de compléter ou de réduire les transferts d'argent, de nombreux pays ont placé des mesures, des services en nature et des politiques d'activation au coeur de la protection sociale contre le chômage. Cet article compare deux pays menant des politiques différentes: l'Espagne, qui connaît toujours un soutien très « traditionnel » en faveur des chômeurs et met peu l'accent sur l'activation, et l'Allemagne, qui a connu ces dernières années un changement rapide en faveur des mesures d'activation. L'article évalue ces politiques et leurs conséquences sur les chômeurs au moyen du modèle des capacités, en étudiant dans une perspective comparative les effets de l'intervention institutionnelle sur l'éventail des options réellement disponibles aux chômeurs pour trouver un emploi décent, pour suivre une formation ou pour mener d'autres activités. Les auteurs indiquent que les transferts d'argent peuvent accroître les capacités « par défaut » alors que les services publics de l'emploi davantage axés sur l'orientation doivent donner aux travailleurs sans emploi un rôle actif pour que les soutiens apportés soient davantage « taillés sur mesure », en fonction de leurs besoins. In den vergangenen zwanzig Jahren haben sich die sozialen Sicherungen für Arbeitslose in Europa ausdifferenziert. Um Geldleistungen zu ergänzen oder zu beschneiden, haben viele Staaten Dienstleistungen und Aktivierungsmaßnahmen in den Mittelpunkt der sozialen Sicherung bei Arbeitslosigkeit gestellt. Dieser Artikel vergleicht zwei Länder, deren politische Strategien sich unterscheiden: Spanien erbringt vor allem “traditionelle” Lohnersatzleistungen und verfolgt kaum aktivierende Ansätze, wogegen Deutschland in den letzten Jahren rasch auf einen Aktivierungskurs einschwenkte. Dieser Artikel nutzt das Modell der Verwirklichungschancen (“capabilities”), um diese politischen Strategien und ihre Wirkungen für die Arbeitslosen zu evaluieren. Er untersucht vergleichend, wie die institutionellen Interventionen sich auf die Bündel wirklicher Optionen auswirken, über die Arbeitslose verfügen, um eine angemessene Stelle zu finden, sich beruflich weiterzubilden oder anderen Aktivitäten nachzugehen. Der Autorin und den Autoren zufolge können Lohnersatzleistungen als “hilfsweise” chancenfreundlich gelten. Eine stärker auf Intervention orientierte Arbeitsverwaltung müsste jedoch Arbeitsuchende aktiver daran beteiligen, Unterstützungsleistungen “passgenau” an ihren Bedarfen auszurichten. textcopyright 2012, European Trade Union Institute. All rights reserved. |
Bartelheimer, Peter ; Verd, Joan Miquel ; Lehwess-Litzmann, Ren{é} ; L{ó}pez-Andreu, Mart{í} ; Schmidt, Tanja Unemployment, intervention and capabilities. A comparative study of Germany and Spain Artículo de revista Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 18 (1), pp. 31–44, 2012, ISSN: 1024-2589. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Treball @article{Bartelheimer2012, title = {Unemployment, intervention and capabilities. A comparative study of Germany and Spain}, author = {Bartelheimer, Peter and Verd, Joan Miquel and Lehwess-Litzmann, Ren{é} and L{ó}pez-Andreu, Mart{í} and Schmidt, Tanja}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1024258911431199}, doi = {10.1177/1024258911431199}, issn = {1024-2589}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research}, volume = {18}, number = {1}, pages = {31--44}, abstract = {Over the past 20 years, the social protection measures devoted to unemployed people in Europe have become more diverse. In an attempt to complement or curb cash transfers, many countries have put measures, services in kind and activation policies at the centre of social protection against unemployment. This article compares two countries with different policies: Spain, which still has very ‘traditional' unemployment support with little emphasis on activation, and Germany, where there has in recent years been rapid change towards activation measures. The article evaluates these policies and their consequences on the unemployed by means of the capability model, investigating comparatively the effects of institutional intervention on the real set of options available to the unemployed in finding a decent job or pursuing training or other activities. The authors argue that cash transfers can increase capabilities ‘by default', whereas more intervention-oriented public employment services need to give unemployed workers an active part in ‘tailoring' supports to their needs. En Europe, au cours de ces 20 dernières années, les mesures de protection sociale destinées aux chômeurs ont connu une diversification croissante. Pour tenter de compléter ou de réduire les transferts d'argent, de nombreux pays ont placé des mesures, des services en nature et des politiques d'activation au coeur de la protection sociale contre le chômage. Cet article compare deux pays menant des politiques différentes: l'Espagne, qui connaît toujours un soutien très « traditionnel » en faveur des chômeurs et met peu l'accent sur l'activation, et l'Allemagne, qui a connu ces dernières années un changement rapide en faveur des mesures d'activation. L'article évalue ces politiques et leurs conséquences sur les chômeurs au moyen du modèle des capacités, en étudiant dans une perspective comparative les effets de l'intervention institutionnelle sur l'éventail des options réellement disponibles aux chômeurs pour trouver un emploi décent, pour suivre une formation ou pour mener d'autres activités. Les auteurs indiquent que les transferts d'argent peuvent accroître les capacités « par défaut » alors que les services publics de l'emploi davantage axés sur l'orientation doivent donner aux travailleurs sans emploi un rôle actif pour que les soutiens apportés soient davantage « taillés sur mesure », en fonction de leurs besoins. In den vergangenen zwanzig Jahren haben sich die sozialen Sicherungen für Arbeitslose in Europa ausdifferenziert. Um Geldleistungen zu ergänzen oder zu beschneiden, haben viele Staaten Dienstleistungen und Aktivierungsmaßnahmen in den Mittelpunkt der sozialen Sicherung bei Arbeitslosigkeit gestellt. Dieser Artikel vergleicht zwei Länder, deren politische Strategien sich unterscheiden: Spanien erbringt vor allem “traditionelle” Lohnersatzleistungen und verfolgt kaum aktivierende Ansätze, wogegen Deutschland in den letzten Jahren rasch auf einen Aktivierungskurs einschwenkte. Dieser Artikel nutzt das Modell der Verwirklichungschancen (“capabilities”), um diese politischen Strategien und ihre Wirkungen für die Arbeitslosen zu evaluieren. Er untersucht vergleichend, wie die institutionellen Interventionen sich auf die Bündel wirklicher Optionen auswirken, über die Arbeitslose verfügen, um eine angemessene Stelle zu finden, sich beruflich weiterzubilden oder anderen Aktivitäten nachzugehen. Der Autorin und den Autoren zufolge können Lohnersatzleistungen als “hilfsweise” chancenfreundlich gelten. Eine stärker auf Intervention orientierte Arbeitsverwaltung müsste jedoch Arbeitsuchende aktiver daran beteiligen, Unterstützungsleistungen “passgenau” an ihren Bedarfen auszurichten. textcopyright 2012, European Trade Union Institute. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over the past 20 years, the social protection measures devoted to unemployed people in Europe have become more diverse. In an attempt to complement or curb cash transfers, many countries have put measures, services in kind and activation policies at the centre of social protection against unemployment. This article compares two countries with different policies: Spain, which still has very ‘traditional' unemployment support with little emphasis on activation, and Germany, where there has in recent years been rapid change towards activation measures. The article evaluates these policies and their consequences on the unemployed by means of the capability model, investigating comparatively the effects of institutional intervention on the real set of options available to the unemployed in finding a decent job or pursuing training or other activities. The authors argue that cash transfers can increase capabilities ‘by default', whereas more intervention-oriented public employment services need to give unemployed workers an active part in ‘tailoring' supports to their needs. En Europe, au cours de ces 20 dernières années, les mesures de protection sociale destinées aux chômeurs ont connu une diversification croissante. Pour tenter de compléter ou de réduire les transferts d'argent, de nombreux pays ont placé des mesures, des services en nature et des politiques d'activation au coeur de la protection sociale contre le chômage. Cet article compare deux pays menant des politiques différentes: l'Espagne, qui connaît toujours un soutien très « traditionnel » en faveur des chômeurs et met peu l'accent sur l'activation, et l'Allemagne, qui a connu ces dernières années un changement rapide en faveur des mesures d'activation. L'article évalue ces politiques et leurs conséquences sur les chômeurs au moyen du modèle des capacités, en étudiant dans une perspective comparative les effets de l'intervention institutionnelle sur l'éventail des options réellement disponibles aux chômeurs pour trouver un emploi décent, pour suivre une formation ou pour mener d'autres activités. Les auteurs indiquent que les transferts d'argent peuvent accroître les capacités « par défaut » alors que les services publics de l'emploi davantage axés sur l'orientation doivent donner aux travailleurs sans emploi un rôle actif pour que les soutiens apportés soient davantage « taillés sur mesure », en fonction de leurs besoins. In den vergangenen zwanzig Jahren haben sich die sozialen Sicherungen für Arbeitslose in Europa ausdifferenziert. Um Geldleistungen zu ergänzen oder zu beschneiden, haben viele Staaten Dienstleistungen und Aktivierungsmaßnahmen in den Mittelpunkt der sozialen Sicherung bei Arbeitslosigkeit gestellt. Dieser Artikel vergleicht zwei Länder, deren politische Strategien sich unterscheiden: Spanien erbringt vor allem “traditionelle” Lohnersatzleistungen und verfolgt kaum aktivierende Ansätze, wogegen Deutschland in den letzten Jahren rasch auf einen Aktivierungskurs einschwenkte. Dieser Artikel nutzt das Modell der Verwirklichungschancen (“capabilities”), um diese politischen Strategien und ihre Wirkungen für die Arbeitslosen zu evaluieren. Er untersucht vergleichend, wie die institutionellen Interventionen sich auf die Bündel wirklicher Optionen auswirken, über die Arbeitslose verfügen, um eine angemessene Stelle zu finden, sich beruflich weiterzubilden oder anderen Aktivitäten nachzugehen. Der Autorin und den Autoren zufolge können Lohnersatzleistungen als “hilfsweise” chancenfreundlich gelten. Eine stärker auf Intervention orientierte Arbeitsverwaltung müsste jedoch Arbeitsuchende aktiver daran beteiligen, Unterstützungsleistungen “passgenau” an ihren Bedarfen auszurichten. textcopyright 2012, European Trade Union Institute. All rights reserved. |
Mart{í}n, Unai ; Malmusi, Davide ; Bacigalupe, Amaia ; Esnaola, Santiago Migraciones internas en España durante el siglo xx: un nuevo eje para el estudio de las desigualdades sociales en salud Artículo de revista Gaceta Sanitaria, 26 (1), pp. 9–15, 2012, ISSN: 02139111. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Immigrants, Salut @article{Martin2012, title = {Migraciones internas en España durante el siglo xx: un nuevo eje para el estudio de las desigualdades sociales en salud}, author = {Mart{í}n, Unai and Malmusi, Davide and Bacigalupe, Amaia and Esnaola, Santiago}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0213911111001828}, doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.06.005}, issn = {02139111}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Gaceta Sanitaria}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {9--15}, abstract = {Objetivo Catalunya y Euskadi recibieron durante el siglo xx importantes contingentes de inmigración del resto de España. El objetivo es analizar las desigualdades en salud según el lugar de nacimiento (población autóctona y nacida en otras comunidades autónomas). Métodos Estudio transversal sobre población no institucionalizada de 50 a 79 años de edad, con datos de las encuestas de salud de Catalunya 2006 (n = 5.483) y de Euskadi 2007 (n = 3.424). Se utilizaron modelos log-binomiales para calcular las razones de prevalencia (RP) de mala salud percibida según el lugar de nacimiento, estratificadas por sexo y clase social, y ajustadas sucesivamente por edad, clase social y nivel de estudios. Resultados Las personas procedentes de otras comunidades autónomas valoraban peor su salud que las autóctonas, tanto en Euskadi (RP ajustada por edad en hombres de 1,30, intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%] 1,11-1,54; y en mujeres RP de 1,42 e IC95% de 1,25-1,62) como en Catalunya (en hombres RP 1,41 e IC95% de 1,26-1,62; en mujeres RP de 1,25 e IC95% de 1,16-1,35). Las RP se redujeron, pero permanecieron significativas tras ajustar por clase social y nivel de estudios, y estratificando por clase social manual y no manual. Conclusiones En ambas comunidades existen desigualdades en salud en detrimento de la población procedente del resto de España, que constituye alrededor de la mitad de la población en las cohortes de edad estudiadas. Futuros estudios deberían explorar la persistencia de estas desigualdades en otros indicadores de salud y su reproducción en las segundas generaciones, así como identificar puntos de entrada para políticas preventivas.}, keywords = {Immigrants, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objetivo Catalunya y Euskadi recibieron durante el siglo xx importantes contingentes de inmigración del resto de España. El objetivo es analizar las desigualdades en salud según el lugar de nacimiento (población autóctona y nacida en otras comunidades autónomas). Métodos Estudio transversal sobre población no institucionalizada de 50 a 79 años de edad, con datos de las encuestas de salud de Catalunya 2006 (n = 5.483) y de Euskadi 2007 (n = 3.424). Se utilizaron modelos log-binomiales para calcular las razones de prevalencia (RP) de mala salud percibida según el lugar de nacimiento, estratificadas por sexo y clase social, y ajustadas sucesivamente por edad, clase social y nivel de estudios. Resultados Las personas procedentes de otras comunidades autónomas valoraban peor su salud que las autóctonas, tanto en Euskadi (RP ajustada por edad en hombres de 1,30, intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%] 1,11-1,54; y en mujeres RP de 1,42 e IC95% de 1,25-1,62) como en Catalunya (en hombres RP 1,41 e IC95% de 1,26-1,62; en mujeres RP de 1,25 e IC95% de 1,16-1,35). Las RP se redujeron, pero permanecieron significativas tras ajustar por clase social y nivel de estudios, y estratificando por clase social manual y no manual. Conclusiones En ambas comunidades existen desigualdades en salud en detrimento de la población procedente del resto de España, que constituye alrededor de la mitad de la población en las cohortes de edad estudiadas. Futuros estudios deberían explorar la persistencia de estas desigualdades en otros indicadores de salud y su reproducción en las segundas generaciones, así como identificar puntos de entrada para políticas preventivas. |
Borrell, C; Malmusi, D; Artazcoz, L; Diez, E; Rodr{í}guez-Sanz, I P Y M; Campos, P; Merino, B; Ram{í}rez, R; Benach, J; Escolar, A; Esnaola, S; Gandarillas, A; G{ó}mez, A; {La Parra}, D; Peir{ó}, R; Segura, J; Solanillas, J R Propuesta de políticas e intervenciones para reducir las desigualdades sociales en salud en España Artículo de revista Gaceta Sanitaria, 26 (2), pp. 182–189, 2012. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Salut @article{Borrell2012, title = {Propuesta de políticas e intervenciones para reducir las desigualdades sociales en salud en España}, author = {Borrell, C. and Malmusi, D. and Artazcoz, L. and Diez, E. and Rodr{í}guez-Sanz, I.P.Y.M. and Campos, P. and Merino, B. and Ram{í}rez, R. and Benach, J. and Escolar, A. and Esnaola, S. and Gandarillas, A. and G{ó}mez, A. and {La Parra}, D. and Peir{ó}, R. and Segura, J. and Solanillas, J.R.}, doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.07.024}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Gaceta Sanitaria}, volume = {26}, number = {2}, pages = {182--189}, abstract = {In November 2008, at the request of the Directorate General of Public Health of the Ministry of Health and Social Policy, the Commission to Reduce Social Inequalities in Health in Spain was established with a mandate to develop a proposal for interventions to reduce health inequalities. This article aims to present the work carried out and the documents prepared by the Commission. The Commission, consisting of 18 members, conducted a situational analysis of health inequalities and of the policies to reduce them, reviewed international documents and consulted 56 experts from distinct fields to develop a proposal for recommendations to reduce health inequalities. In May 2010, the Commission presented the document " Moving toward equity: a proposal for policies and interventions to reduce social inequalities in health in Spain" The document listed a total of 166 recommendations, divided into 14 areas and ordered by priority. These recommendations highlight that health inequalities cannot be reduced without a commitment to promote health and equity in all policies and to move toward a fairer society. textcopyright 2011 SESPAS.}, keywords = {Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In November 2008, at the request of the Directorate General of Public Health of the Ministry of Health and Social Policy, the Commission to Reduce Social Inequalities in Health in Spain was established with a mandate to develop a proposal for interventions to reduce health inequalities. This article aims to present the work carried out and the documents prepared by the Commission. The Commission, consisting of 18 members, conducted a situational analysis of health inequalities and of the policies to reduce them, reviewed international documents and consulted 56 experts from distinct fields to develop a proposal for recommendations to reduce health inequalities. In May 2010, the Commission presented the document " Moving toward equity: a proposal for policies and interventions to reduce social inequalities in health in Spain" The document listed a total of 166 recommendations, divided into 14 areas and ordered by priority. These recommendations highlight that health inequalities cannot be reduced without a commitment to promote health and equity in all policies and to move toward a fairer society. textcopyright 2011 SESPAS. |
Creu Roja, L'impacte de la crisi en les persones grans En línea 2012, visitado: 18.07.2017. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Persones Grans @online{creu_roja_impacte_2012, title = {L'impacte de la crisi en les persones grans}, author = {{Creu Roja}}, url = {http://www.creuroja.org/AP/cm/2487P242L8/L-impacte-de-la-crisi-en-les-persones—3er-estudi.aspx}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, urldate = {2017-07-18}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Persones Grans}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } |
2011 |
Sanz-Barbero, Belén ; Regidor, Enrique ; Galindo, Silvia Influencia del lugar de origen en la utilización de pruebas de cribado de cáncer ginecológico en España Artículo de revista Revista de Saúde Pública, 45 (6), pp. 1019–1026, 2011. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Desigualtats de Génere, Immigrants, Salut @article{sanz-barbero_influencia_2011, title = {Influencia del lugar de origen en la utilización de pruebas de cribado de cáncer ginecológico en España}, author = {Sanz-Barbero, Belén and Regidor, Enrique and Galindo, Silvia}, url = {http://ref.scielo.org/8v6nsj}, doi = {10.1590/S0034-89102011000600003}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-12-01}, journal = {Revista de Saúde Pública}, volume = {45}, number = {6}, pages = {1019--1026}, abstract = {Objective: To assess the association between geographic origin and the use of screening cervical smears and mammograms. Methods: Data was obtained from the 2006 Spanish National Health Survey that included 13,422 females over 16 years of age. The dependent variable was use of screening mammograms and cervical smears in the past 12 months. The measure of association (odds ratio and its related 95% confi dence interval) was estimated using logistic regression. Results: African women were 0.36 (95% CI 0.21,0.62), Eastern European 0.40 (95%CI 0.22;0.74), Western European, American and Canadian 0.60 (95%CI 0.43,0.84), and Central and South American 0.64 times (95%CI 0.52, 0.81) less likely to undergo a mammogram compared with the general population of Spain. In regard to cervical cancer screening, Eastern European women were 0.38 (95%CI 0.28,0.50), African 0.47 (95%CI 0.33,0.67) and Western European, American and Canadian 0.61 times (95%CI 0.46, 0.81) less likely to undergo cervical smears. These associations were independent of age, socioeconomic condition, health status and health insurance coverage. Conclusions: Immigrant women use less screening programs than native Spanish women. This fi nding may suggest diffi cult access to prevention programs.}, keywords = {Desigualtats de Génere, Immigrants, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objective: To assess the association between geographic origin and the use of screening cervical smears and mammograms. Methods: Data was obtained from the 2006 Spanish National Health Survey that included 13,422 females over 16 years of age. The dependent variable was use of screening mammograms and cervical smears in the past 12 months. The measure of association (odds ratio and its related 95% confi dence interval) was estimated using logistic regression. Results: African women were 0.36 (95% CI 0.21,0.62), Eastern European 0.40 (95%CI 0.22;0.74), Western European, American and Canadian 0.60 (95%CI 0.43,0.84), and Central and South American 0.64 times (95%CI 0.52, 0.81) less likely to undergo a mammogram compared with the general population of Spain. In regard to cervical cancer screening, Eastern European women were 0.38 (95%CI 0.28,0.50), African 0.47 (95%CI 0.33,0.67) and Western European, American and Canadian 0.61 times (95%CI 0.46, 0.81) less likely to undergo cervical smears. These associations were independent of age, socioeconomic condition, health status and health insurance coverage. Conclusions: Immigrant women use less screening programs than native Spanish women. This fi nding may suggest diffi cult access to prevention programs. |
Borrell, Carme ; Pal{è}ncia, Laia ; Rodr{í}guez-Sanz, Maica ; Malmusi, Davide ; Bartoll, Xavier ; Puigpin{ó}s, Rosa La evolución de las desigualdades en salud en Cataluña Artículo de revista Medicina clinica, 137 Suppl , pp. 60–5, 2011, ISSN: 1578-8989. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Afers Socials, Salut @article{Borrell2011, title = {La evolución de las desigualdades en salud en Cataluña}, author = {Borrell, Carme and Pal{è}ncia, Laia and Rodr{í}guez-Sanz, Maica and Malmusi, Davide and Bartoll, Xavier and Puigpin{ó}s, Rosa}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22310366}, doi = {10.1016/S0025-7753(11)70031-8}, issn = {1578-8989}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-12-01}, journal = {Medicina clinica}, volume = {137 Suppl}, pages = {60--5}, abstract = {Objetivo: Analizar la evolución de las desigualdades sociales en salud en Cataluña en las últimas 2 décadas. Métodos: Se ha analizado la mortalidad en 354 áreas pequeñas de Cataluña (288 municipios o agregados de municipios de Cataluña y 66 Zonas Básicas de Salud de la ciudad de Barcelona) para el período 1984-1998. Se han comparado los indicadores de salud percibida, los estilos de vida y la utilización de servicios sanitarios por clase social y género en 1994 y 2002. Asimismo, se han analizado aspectos relacionados con la salud laboral, la salud y la inmigración, el medioambiente y las políticas para reducir las desigualdades en salud. Resultados: Aunque la mayoría de indicadores de salud ha mejorado a lo largo de los últimos años, este trabajo ha puesto de relieve la presencia de múltiples desigualdades sociales en salud, tanto en 1994 como en 2002, y el hecho de que éstas se mantienen o, en determinados casos, incluso aumentan. Así, las personas que viven en las áreas geográficas con mayor privación material, la población de las clases desfavorecidas, las mujeres y los inmigrantes provenientes de países de renta baja son los colectivos más perjudicados. Conclusiones: Se pone de manifiesto la presencia de desigualdades en salud y su estabilidad en el tiempo. Se hacen recomendaciones relacionadas con los sistemas de información y la difusión, la investigación y las políticas para reducir estas desigualdades.}, keywords = {Afers Socials, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objetivo: Analizar la evolución de las desigualdades sociales en salud en Cataluña en las últimas 2 décadas. Métodos: Se ha analizado la mortalidad en 354 áreas pequeñas de Cataluña (288 municipios o agregados de municipios de Cataluña y 66 Zonas Básicas de Salud de la ciudad de Barcelona) para el período 1984-1998. Se han comparado los indicadores de salud percibida, los estilos de vida y la utilización de servicios sanitarios por clase social y género en 1994 y 2002. Asimismo, se han analizado aspectos relacionados con la salud laboral, la salud y la inmigración, el medioambiente y las políticas para reducir las desigualdades en salud. Resultados: Aunque la mayoría de indicadores de salud ha mejorado a lo largo de los últimos años, este trabajo ha puesto de relieve la presencia de múltiples desigualdades sociales en salud, tanto en 1994 como en 2002, y el hecho de que éstas se mantienen o, en determinados casos, incluso aumentan. Así, las personas que viven en las áreas geográficas con mayor privación material, la población de las clases desfavorecidas, las mujeres y los inmigrantes provenientes de países de renta baja son los colectivos más perjudicados. Conclusiones: Se pone de manifiesto la presencia de desigualdades en salud y su estabilidad en el tiempo. Se hacen recomendaciones relacionadas con los sistemas de información y la difusión, la investigación y las políticas para reducir estas desigualdades. |
Sanz-Barbero, Belén ; Regidor, Enrique ; Galindo, Silvia ; Pascual, Cruz ; Lostao, Lourdes ; Díaz, José Manuel ; Sánchez, Elisabeth Pattern of health services use by immigrants from different regions of the world residing in Spain. Artículo de revista International journal of public health, 56 (5), pp. 567–576, 2011. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Accés Serveis de Salut, Immigrants, Salut @article{sanz-barbero_pattern_2011, title = {Pattern of health services use by immigrants from different regions of the world residing in Spain.}, author = {Sanz-Barbero, Belén and Regidor, Enrique and Galindo, Silvia and Pascual, Cruz and Lostao, Lourdes and Díaz, José Manuel and Sánchez, Elisabeth}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00038-011-0237-9}, doi = {10.1007/s00038-011-0237-9}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-10-01}, journal = {International journal of public health}, volume = {56}, number = {5}, pages = {567--576}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine immigrants' frequency of use of four health services by place of origin and compare it with that of the Spanish population. METHODS: Based on the 2006 National Health Survey in Spain, we estimated the frequency of use of four health services in men and women from: Spain, Western countries, Eastern Europe, Latin America, North Africa, Sub Saharan Africa and Asia/Oceania. These results were compared with the Spanish population by calculating odds ratios adjusted for age, socioeconomic position, health status, and type of health coverage. RESULTS: Immigrant men generally use health services less frequently than Spanish nationals. The main exceptions are Latin American men, who more often use emergency services (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.41-1.99) and Sub-Saharan men, who use specialists more frequently (OR 2.93, 1.70-5.05). Immigrant women use health services about as frequently as Spanish women. The main exceptions are North African women, who less frequently use specialists (OR 0.39, 0.22-0.71) and Sub-Saharan women who more frequently use GPs (OR 4.06, 2.21-7.44), specialists (OR 2.29, 1.06-4.95) and emergency services (OR 2.92, 1.49-5.72). CONCLUSIONS: Health services use by the immigrant population in Spain differs by gender and place of origin.}, keywords = {Accés Serveis de Salut, Immigrants, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } OBJECTIVE: To determine immigrants' frequency of use of four health services by place of origin and compare it with that of the Spanish population. METHODS: Based on the 2006 National Health Survey in Spain, we estimated the frequency of use of four health services in men and women from: Spain, Western countries, Eastern Europe, Latin America, North Africa, Sub Saharan Africa and Asia/Oceania. These results were compared with the Spanish population by calculating odds ratios adjusted for age, socioeconomic position, health status, and type of health coverage. RESULTS: Immigrant men generally use health services less frequently than Spanish nationals. The main exceptions are Latin American men, who more often use emergency services (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.41-1.99) and Sub-Saharan men, who use specialists more frequently (OR 2.93, 1.70-5.05). Immigrant women use health services about as frequently as Spanish women. The main exceptions are North African women, who less frequently use specialists (OR 0.39, 0.22-0.71) and Sub-Saharan women who more frequently use GPs (OR 4.06, 2.21-7.44), specialists (OR 2.29, 1.06-4.95) and emergency services (OR 2.92, 1.49-5.72). CONCLUSIONS: Health services use by the immigrant population in Spain differs by gender and place of origin. |
Moreno Fuentes, Francisco Javier ; Bruquetas Callejo, María Inmigración y Estado de bienestar en España Libro Obra Social "la Caixa", Barcelona, 2011, ISBN: 978-84-9900-046-6. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Immigrants @book{moreno_fuentes_inmigracion_2011, title = {Inmigración y Estado de bienestar en España}, author = {Moreno Fuentes, Francisco Javier and Bruquetas Callejo, María}, url = {http://www.publicacionestecnicas.com/lacaixa/inmigracion/files/31_es/descargas/31_es.pdf}, isbn = {978-84-9900-046-6}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, publisher = {Obra Social "la Caixa"}, address = {Barcelona}, series = {Colección Estudios Sociales. 31}, keywords = {Immigrants}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } |
Vives, Alejandra ; Vanroelen, Christophe ; Amable, Marcelo ; Ferrer, Montserrat ; Moncada, Salvador ; Llorens, Clara ; Muntaner, Carles ; Benavides, Fernando G; Benach, Joan Employment Precariousness in Spain: Prevalence, Social Distribution, and Population-Attributable Risk Percent of Poor Mental Health Artículo de revista International Journal of Health Services, 41 (4), pp. 625–646, 2011, ISSN: 0020-7314. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Salut, Salut Mental, Treball @article{vives_employment_2011, title = {Employment Precariousness in Spain: Prevalence, Social Distribution, and Population-Attributable Risk Percent of Poor Mental Health}, author = {Vives, Alejandra and Vanroelen, Christophe and Amable, Marcelo and Ferrer, Montserrat and Moncada, Salvador and Llorens, Clara and Muntaner, Carles and Benavides, Fernando G. and Benach, Joan}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.2190/HS.41.4.b}, doi = {10.2190/HS.41.4.b}, issn = {0020-7314}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Health Services}, volume = {41}, number = {4}, pages = {625--646}, keywords = {Salut, Salut Mental, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Rechel, Bernd ; Mladovsky, Philipa ; Devillé, Walter ; Rijks, Barbara ; Petrova-Benedict, Roumyana ; McKee, Martin (Ed.) Migration and health in the European Union Libro McGraw Hill. Open University Press, Maidenhead, 2011, ISBN: 978-0-335-24568-0. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Immigrants, Salut @book{rechel_migration_2011, title = {Migration and health in the European Union}, editor = {Rechel, Bernd and Mladovsky, Philipa and Devillé, Walter and Rijks, Barbara and Petrova-Benedict, Roumyana and McKee, Martin}, url = {http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/161560/e96458.pdf}, isbn = {978-0-335-24568-0}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, volume = {13}, publisher = {McGraw Hill. Open University Press}, address = {Maidenhead}, series = {European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Series}, abstract = {Train of thought: migration and health As James Buchan writes in this issue of Eurohealth, the migration of health workers has now become a significant feature of the global health policy debate. It has particularly taken on prominence in Europe as the EU expands yet further. It is all too easy to see the international recruitment of health workers as a 'quick fix' short-term solution to the health professional skill shortages that can be observed in some European coun-tries. Why invest scarce resources and many years in training up the domestic workforce, when it is much easier simply to launch overseas recruitment drives and free ride on the training efforts of others? Well this would be fine, if not for the consequences for those 'donor' countries; often low-income countries themselves with severe shortages of health care professionals. Global problems require global solutions, yet it is remarkable that so little is still known about the impact of migration on the effectiveness of health systems in Europe; nor is there any system in place that can accurately measure the stocks and flows of migrant health care workers. This raises all manner of ethical and practical challenges for policy makers. Professor Buchan sets out here some of the potential policy options that the international community may wish to consider in their deliberations, including the greater use of international codes of practice, as well as bilateral agreements. Of course, it is not just health care professionals that continue to migrate across Europe. When does the health status of immigrants become comparable to that of the local population? What steps can be taken to protect both the health of migrants and that of established residents. Again, as Philipa Mladovsky notes, European countries rarely collect health data by ethnicity, making it difficult for policy makers to address some of these issues. Carefully targeted policies would seem merited, given that in many instances first generation migrants may enjoy a better state of health than that experienced by subsequent generations.}, keywords = {Immigrants, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } Train of thought: migration and health As James Buchan writes in this issue of Eurohealth, the migration of health workers has now become a significant feature of the global health policy debate. It has particularly taken on prominence in Europe as the EU expands yet further. It is all too easy to see the international recruitment of health workers as a 'quick fix' short-term solution to the health professional skill shortages that can be observed in some European coun-tries. Why invest scarce resources and many years in training up the domestic workforce, when it is much easier simply to launch overseas recruitment drives and free ride on the training efforts of others? Well this would be fine, if not for the consequences for those 'donor' countries; often low-income countries themselves with severe shortages of health care professionals. Global problems require global solutions, yet it is remarkable that so little is still known about the impact of migration on the effectiveness of health systems in Europe; nor is there any system in place that can accurately measure the stocks and flows of migrant health care workers. This raises all manner of ethical and practical challenges for policy makers. Professor Buchan sets out here some of the potential policy options that the international community may wish to consider in their deliberations, including the greater use of international codes of practice, as well as bilateral agreements. Of course, it is not just health care professionals that continue to migrate across Europe. When does the health status of immigrants become comparable to that of the local population? What steps can be taken to protect both the health of migrants and that of established residents. Again, as Philipa Mladovsky notes, European countries rarely collect health data by ethnicity, making it difficult for policy makers to address some of these issues. Carefully targeted policies would seem merited, given that in many instances first generation migrants may enjoy a better state of health than that experienced by subsequent generations. |
López Falcón, Diana Educación e inmigración en Cataluña: un estado de la cuestión Artículo de revista Documents d'Anàlisi Geogràfica, 5713 , pp. 551–562, 2011. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Educació, Immigrants @article{lopez_falcon_educacion_2011, title = {Educación e inmigración en Cataluña: un estado de la cuestión}, author = {López Falcón, Diana}, url = {http://www.raco.cat/index.php/DocumentsAnalisi/article/view/248441/332565}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Documents d'Anàlisi Geogràfica}, volume = {5713}, pages = {551--562}, abstract = {Desde el comienzo del siglo xxi, Cataluña ha consolidado su posición como centro de atracción de población extranjera en el sur de Europa. Así, a 1 de enero de 2010 y de acuerdo con los datos preliminares del padrón continuo, la población de nacionalidad extranjera en Cataluña representaba un total de 1.193.283 personas —un 15,9 por ciento de la población total. La entrada masiva de población extranjera en el territorio y el creciente debate respecto a la calidad de la educación han centrado el discurso en los mecanismos de integración y distribución en el sistema escolar de los niños y jóvenes de origen extranjero. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de llevar a cabo una primera aproximación a la literatura sobre educación e inmigración en Cataluña, diferenciándola según tres temas principales: incorporación en el sistema educativo y rendimiento escolar; segregación escolar, y, finalmente, trayectorias educativas y estudios longitudinales.}, keywords = {Educació, Immigrants}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Desde el comienzo del siglo xxi, Cataluña ha consolidado su posición como centro de atracción de población extranjera en el sur de Europa. Así, a 1 de enero de 2010 y de acuerdo con los datos preliminares del padrón continuo, la población de nacionalidad extranjera en Cataluña representaba un total de 1.193.283 personas —un 15,9 por ciento de la población total. La entrada masiva de población extranjera en el territorio y el creciente debate respecto a la calidad de la educación han centrado el discurso en los mecanismos de integración y distribución en el sistema escolar de los niños y jóvenes de origen extranjero. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de llevar a cabo una primera aproximación a la literatura sobre educación e inmigración en Cataluña, diferenciándola según tres temas principales: incorporación en el sistema educativo y rendimiento escolar; segregación escolar, y, finalmente, trayectorias educativas y estudios longitudinales. |
Creu Roja, L'impacte de la crisi en la infància i les famílies En línea 2011, visitado: 18.07.2017. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Infants @online{creu_roja_impacte_2011, title = {L'impacte de la crisi en la infància i les famílies}, author = {{Creu Roja}}, url = {http://www.creuroja.org/AP/cm/1235P242L8/L-impacte-de-la-crisi-en-la-infancia-i-les-families—1r-estudi.aspx}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, urldate = {2017-07-18}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Infants}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } |
Creu Roja, L'ocupació dels col·lectius vulnerables en el marc de la crisi socioeconòmica En línea 2011, visitado: 18.07.2017. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Afers Socials, Crisi Econòmica @online{creu_roja_ocupacio_2011, title = {L'ocupació dels col·lectius vulnerables en el marc de la crisi socioeconòmica}, author = {{Creu Roja}}, url = {http://www.creuroja.org/AP/cm/2232P242L8/L-ocupacio-dels-col-lectius-vulnerables-en-el-marc-de-la-crisi-socioeconomica—2n-estudi.aspx}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, urldate = {2017-07-18}, keywords = {Afers Socials, Crisi Econòmica}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } |