Accés Serveis de Salut Adults Afers Socials Alimentació Associacions Convencions Crisi Econòmica Desigualtats de Génere Desigualtats Socials Economia Educació Espanya Explotació Sexual Fundacions Génere Habitatge Immigrants Infants Informes Organismes Internacionals Organitzacions Persones Grans Pobresa Energètica Racisme Resolucions Salut Salut Mental Serveis Socials Treball Vivenda
2018 |
Alternativas, Fundación 3er Informe sobre las desigualdad en España Informe técnico Fundación Alternativas Madrid, 2018. Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Desigualtats Socials, Espanya, Informes @techreport{fundacion_alternativas_3er_2018, title = {3er Informe sobre las desigualdad en España}, author = {Fundación Alternativas}, url = {http://www.fundacionalternativas.org/public/storage/publicaciones_archivos/7bf74f1063903096d6b8d1b84302da1a.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, pages = {312}, address = {Madrid}, institution = {Fundación Alternativas}, keywords = {Desigualtats Socials, Espanya, Informes}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } |
2017 |
de España, Banco Encuesta Financiera de las Familias (EFF) 2014: métodos, resultados y cambios desde 2011 Libro 2017. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Afers Socials, Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Informes @book{banco_de_espana_encuesta_2017, title = {Encuesta Financiera de las Familias (EFF) 2014: métodos, resultados y cambios desde 2011}, author = {Banco de España}, url = {http://www.bde.es/f/webbde/SES/Secciones/Publicaciones/InformesBoletinesRevistas/ArticulosAnaliticos/2017/T1/fich/beaa1701-art2.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, abstract = {En este artículo se presentan los resultados principales de la Encuesta Financiera de las Familias 2014, que muestran la situación financiera de los hogares españoles a finales de ese año. Asimismo, se describen los cambios más relevantes ocurridos en el período comprendido entre finales de 2011 y finales de 2014.}, keywords = {Afers Socials, Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Informes}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } En este artículo se presentan los resultados principales de la Encuesta Financiera de las Familias 2014, que muestran la situación financiera de los hogares españoles a finales de ese año. Asimismo, se describen los cambios más relevantes ocurridos en el período comprendido entre finales de 2011 y finales de 2014. |
2016 |
Regidor, Enrique; Vallejo, Fernando; Granados, José A.Tapia; Viciana-Fernández, Francisco J; de la Fuente, Luis; Barrio, Gregorio Mortality decrease according to socioeconomic groups during the economic crisis in Spain: a cohort study of 36 million people Artículo de revista The Lancet, 388 (10060), 2016, ISSN: 1474547X. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut @article{regidor_mortality_2016, title = {Mortality decrease according to socioeconomic groups during the economic crisis in Spain: a cohort study of 36 million people}, author = {Enrique Regidor and Fernando Vallejo and José A.Tapia Granados and Francisco J Viciana-Fernández and Luis de la Fuente and Gregorio Barrio}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30446-9}, issn = {1474547X}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {388}, number = {10060}, abstract = {Background Studies of the effect of macroeconomic fluctuations on mortality in different socioeconomic groups are scarce and have yielded mixed findings. We analyse mortality trends in Spain before and during the Great Recession in different socioeconomic groups, quantifying the change within each group. Methods We did a nationwide prospective study, in which we took data from the 2001 Census. All people living in Spain on Nov 1, 2001, were followed up until Dec 31, 2011. We included 35 951 354 people alive in 2001 who were aged between 10 and 74 years in each one of the four calendar years before the economic crisis (from 2004 to 2007) and in each one of the first four calendar years of the crisis (from 2008 to 2011), and analysed all-cause and cause-specific mortality in those people. We classified individuals by socioeconomic status (low, medium, or high) using two indicators of household wealth: household floor space (textbackslashtextless72 m2, 72–104 m2, and textbackslashtextgreater104 m2) and number of cars owned by the residents of the household (none, one, and two or more). We used Poisson regression to calculate the annual percentage reduction (APR) in mortality rates during 2004–07 (pre-crisis) and 2008–11 (crisis) in each socioeconomic group, as well as the effect size, measured by the APR difference between the pre-crisis and crisis period. Findings The annual decline in all-cause mortality in the three socioeconomic groups was 1·7% (95% CI 1·2 to 2·1) for the low group, 1·7% (1·3 to 2·1) for the medium group, and 2·0% (1·4 to 2·5) for the high group in 2004–07, and 3·0% (2·5 to 3·5) for the low group, 2·8% (2·5 to 3·2) for the medium group, and 2·1% (1·6 to 2·7) for the high group in 2008–11 when individuals were classified by household floor space. The annual decline in all-cause mortality when people were classified by number of cars owned by the household was 0·3% (–0·1 to 0·8) for the low group, 1·6% (1·2 to 2·0) for the medium group, and 2·2% (1·6 to 2·8) for the high group in 2004–07, and 2·3% (1·8 to 2·8) for the low group, 2·4% (2·0 to 2·7) for the medium group and 2·5% (1·9 to 3·0) for the high group in 2008–11. The low socioeconomic group showed the largest effect size for both wealth indicators. Interpretation In Spain, probably due to the decrease in exposure to risk factors, all-cause mortality decreased more during the economic crisis than before the economic crisis, especially in low socioeconomic groups. Funding None.}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background Studies of the effect of macroeconomic fluctuations on mortality in different socioeconomic groups are scarce and have yielded mixed findings. We analyse mortality trends in Spain before and during the Great Recession in different socioeconomic groups, quantifying the change within each group. Methods We did a nationwide prospective study, in which we took data from the 2001 Census. All people living in Spain on Nov 1, 2001, were followed up until Dec 31, 2011. We included 35 951 354 people alive in 2001 who were aged between 10 and 74 years in each one of the four calendar years before the economic crisis (from 2004 to 2007) and in each one of the first four calendar years of the crisis (from 2008 to 2011), and analysed all-cause and cause-specific mortality in those people. We classified individuals by socioeconomic status (low, medium, or high) using two indicators of household wealth: household floor space (textbackslashtextless72 m2, 72–104 m2, and textbackslashtextgreater104 m2) and number of cars owned by the residents of the household (none, one, and two or more). We used Poisson regression to calculate the annual percentage reduction (APR) in mortality rates during 2004–07 (pre-crisis) and 2008–11 (crisis) in each socioeconomic group, as well as the effect size, measured by the APR difference between the pre-crisis and crisis period. Findings The annual decline in all-cause mortality in the three socioeconomic groups was 1·7% (95% CI 1·2 to 2·1) for the low group, 1·7% (1·3 to 2·1) for the medium group, and 2·0% (1·4 to 2·5) for the high group in 2004–07, and 3·0% (2·5 to 3·5) for the low group, 2·8% (2·5 to 3·2) for the medium group, and 2·1% (1·6 to 2·7) for the high group in 2008–11 when individuals were classified by household floor space. The annual decline in all-cause mortality when people were classified by number of cars owned by the household was 0·3% (–0·1 to 0·8) for the low group, 1·6% (1·2 to 2·0) for the medium group, and 2·2% (1·6 to 2·8) for the high group in 2004–07, and 2·3% (1·8 to 2·8) for the low group, 2·4% (2·0 to 2·7) for the medium group and 2·5% (1·9 to 3·0) for the high group in 2008–11. The low socioeconomic group showed the largest effect size for both wealth indicators. Interpretation In Spain, probably due to the decrease in exposure to risk factors, all-cause mortality decreased more during the economic crisis than before the economic crisis, especially in low socioeconomic groups. Funding None. |
Córdoba-Doña, Juan Antonio; Escolar-Pujolar, Antonio; Sebastián, Miguel San; Gustafsson, Per E How are the employed and unemployed affected by the economic crisis in Spain? Educational inequalities, life conditions and mental health in a context of high unemployment. Artículo de revista BMC public health, 16 (1), 2016, ISSN: 1471-2458. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental, Treball @article{cordoba-dona_how_2016, title = {How are the employed and unemployed affected by the economic crisis in Spain? Educational inequalities, life conditions and mental health in a context of high unemployment.}, author = {Juan Antonio Córdoba-Doña and Antonio Escolar-Pujolar and Miguel San Sebastián and Per E Gustafsson}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-016-2934-z}, issn = {1471-2458}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite an increasing number of studies on the factors mediating the impact of the economic recession on mental health, research beyond the individual employment status is scarce. Our objectives were to investigate in which ways the mental health of employed and unemployed populations is differently affected by the current economic recession along the educational scale and to examine whether financial strain and social support explain these effects of the crisis.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: A repeated cross-sectional study, using two waves of the Andalusian Health Survey in 2007 (pre-crisis) and 2011-2012 (crisis). A population aged between 19 and 64 years was selected. The dependent variable was the Mental Component Summary of the SF-12 questionnaire. We performed Poisson regression models stratified by working status, with period, educational level, financial strain and social support as independent variables. We examined interactions between period and educational level. Age, sex, main earner, cohabitation and partner's working status were considered as covariates.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: The study included 3210 individuals (1185 women) in 2007 and 3633 individuals (1486 women) in 2011-2012. In working individuals the prevalence of poor mental health increased for secondary and complete primary studies groups during crisis compared to the pre-crisis period, while it decreased significantly in the university study group (PR = 0.76, 95 % CI: 0.58-0.99). However, in unemployed individuals prevalence ratios for poor mental health increased significantly only in the secondary studies group (PR = 1.73, 95 % CI: 1.06-2.83). Financial strain and social support yielded consistent associations with mental health in all subgroups. Only financial strain could partly explain the crisis effect on mental health among the unemployed.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the finding that current economic recession is associated with poorer mental health differentially according to labour market status and educational level. Those with secondary studies may be at risk in times of economic recession. In connection with this, emerging educational inequalities in mental health among the employed population were observed. Our research also suggests a partial mediating role of financial strain for the effects of crisis on poor mental health among the unemployed. Good social support appears to buffer poor mental health in all subgroups but not specifically during crisis period.}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Despite an increasing number of studies on the factors mediating the impact of the economic recession on mental health, research beyond the individual employment status is scarce. Our objectives were to investigate in which ways the mental health of employed and unemployed populations is differently affected by the current economic recession along the educational scale and to examine whether financial strain and social support explain these effects of the crisis.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: A repeated cross-sectional study, using two waves of the Andalusian Health Survey in 2007 (pre-crisis) and 2011-2012 (crisis). A population aged between 19 and 64 years was selected. The dependent variable was the Mental Component Summary of the SF-12 questionnaire. We performed Poisson regression models stratified by working status, with period, educational level, financial strain and social support as independent variables. We examined interactions between period and educational level. Age, sex, main earner, cohabitation and partner's working status were considered as covariates.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: The study included 3210 individuals (1185 women) in 2007 and 3633 individuals (1486 women) in 2011-2012. In working individuals the prevalence of poor mental health increased for secondary and complete primary studies groups during crisis compared to the pre-crisis period, while it decreased significantly in the university study group (PR = 0.76, 95 % CI: 0.58-0.99). However, in unemployed individuals prevalence ratios for poor mental health increased significantly only in the secondary studies group (PR = 1.73, 95 % CI: 1.06-2.83). Financial strain and social support yielded consistent associations with mental health in all subgroups. Only financial strain could partly explain the crisis effect on mental health among the unemployed.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the finding that current economic recession is associated with poorer mental health differentially according to labour market status and educational level. Those with secondary studies may be at risk in times of economic recession. In connection with this, emerging educational inequalities in mental health among the employed population were observed. Our research also suggests a partial mediating role of financial strain for the effects of crisis on poor mental health among the unemployed. Good social support appears to buffer poor mental health in all subgroups but not specifically during crisis period. |
2015 |
Moncho, J; Pereyra-Zamora, P; Nolasco, A; Tamayo-Fonseca, N; Melchor, I; Macia, L Trends and Disparities in Mortality Among Spanish-Born and Foreign-Born Populations Residing in Spain, 1999–2008 Artículo de revista Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 17 (5), pp. 1374–1384, 2015, ISSN: 1557-1912. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Espanya, Immigrants, Salut @article{moncho_trends_2015, title = {Trends and Disparities in Mortality Among Spanish-Born and Foreign-Born Populations Residing in Spain, 1999–2008}, author = {J Moncho and P Pereyra-Zamora and A Nolasco and N Tamayo-Fonseca and I Melchor and L Macia}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10903-014-0081-0}, doi = {10.1007/s10903-014-0081-0}, issn = {1557-1912}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health}, volume = {17}, number = {5}, pages = {1374--1384}, abstract = {Spain's immigrant population has increased 380 % in the last decade, accounting for 13.1 % of the total population. This fact has led her to become during 2009 the eighth recipient country of international immigrants in the world. The aim of this article is to describe the evolution of mortality and the main causes of death among the Spanish-born and foreign-born populations residing in Spain between 1999 and 2008. Age-standardised mortality rates (ASRs), average age and comparative mortality ratios among foreign-born and Spanish-born populations residing in Spain were computed for every year and sub-period by sex, cause of death and place of birth as well as by the ASR percentage change. During 1999–2008 the ASR showed a progressive decrease in the risk of death in the Spanish-born population (−17.8 % for men and −16.6 % for women) as well as in the foreign-born one (−45.9 % for men and −35.7 % for women). ASR also showed a progressive decrease for practically all the causes of death, in both populations. It has been observed that the risk of death due to neoplasms and respiratory diseases among immigrants is lower than that of their Spanish-born counterparts, but risk due to external causes is higher. Places of birth with the greater decreases are Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Southern Europe, and Latin America and the Caribbean. The research shows the differences in the reduction of death risk between Spanish-born and immigrant inhabitants between 1999 and 2008. These results could contribute to the ability of central and local governments to create effective health policy. Further research is necessary to examine changes in mortality trends among immigrant populations as a consequence of the economic crisis and the reforms in the Spanish health system. Spanish data sources should incorporate into their records information that enables them to find out the immigrant duration of permanence and the possible impact of this on mortality indicators.}, keywords = {Espanya, Immigrants, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Spain's immigrant population has increased 380 % in the last decade, accounting for 13.1 % of the total population. This fact has led her to become during 2009 the eighth recipient country of international immigrants in the world. The aim of this article is to describe the evolution of mortality and the main causes of death among the Spanish-born and foreign-born populations residing in Spain between 1999 and 2008. Age-standardised mortality rates (ASRs), average age and comparative mortality ratios among foreign-born and Spanish-born populations residing in Spain were computed for every year and sub-period by sex, cause of death and place of birth as well as by the ASR percentage change. During 1999–2008 the ASR showed a progressive decrease in the risk of death in the Spanish-born population (−17.8 % for men and −16.6 % for women) as well as in the foreign-born one (−45.9 % for men and −35.7 % for women). ASR also showed a progressive decrease for practically all the causes of death, in both populations. It has been observed that the risk of death due to neoplasms and respiratory diseases among immigrants is lower than that of their Spanish-born counterparts, but risk due to external causes is higher. Places of birth with the greater decreases are Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Southern Europe, and Latin America and the Caribbean. The research shows the differences in the reduction of death risk between Spanish-born and immigrant inhabitants between 1999 and 2008. These results could contribute to the ability of central and local governments to create effective health policy. Further research is necessary to examine changes in mortality trends among immigrant populations as a consequence of the economic crisis and the reforms in the Spanish health system. Spanish data sources should incorporate into their records information that enables them to find out the immigrant duration of permanence and the possible impact of this on mortality indicators. |
Benach, Joan; Julià, Mireia; Tarafa, Gemma; Mir, Jordi; Molinero, Emilia; Vives, Alejandra La precariedad laboral medida de forma multidimensional: distribución social y asociación con la salud en Cataluña Artículo de revista Gaceta Sanitaria, 29 (5), pp. 375–378, 2015, ISSN: 02139111. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Espanya, Salut, Treball @article{benach_precariedad_2015, title = {La precariedad laboral medida de forma multidimensional: distribución social y asociación con la salud en Cataluña}, author = {Joan Benach and Mireia Julià and Gemma Tarafa and Jordi Mir and Emilia Molinero and Alejandra Vives}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0213911115000655}, doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2015.04.002}, issn = {02139111}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Gaceta Sanitaria}, volume = {29}, number = {5}, pages = {375--378}, abstract = {Objective: To show the prevalence of precarious employment in Catalonia (Spain) for the first time and its association with mental and self-rated health, measured with a multidimensional scale. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the II Catalan Working Conditions Survey (2010) with a subsample of employed workers with a contract. The prevalence of precarious employment using a multidimensional scale and its association with health was calculated using multivariate log-binomial regression stratified by gender. Results: The prevalence of precarious employment in Catalonia was high (42.6%). We found higher precariousness in women, youth, immigrants, and manual and less educated workers. There was a positive gradient in the association between precarious employment and poor health. Conclusions: Precarious employment is associated with poor health in the working population. Working conditions surveys should include questions on precarious employment and health indicators, which would allow monitoring and subsequent analyses of health inequalities.}, keywords = {Espanya, Salut, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objective: To show the prevalence of precarious employment in Catalonia (Spain) for the first time and its association with mental and self-rated health, measured with a multidimensional scale. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the II Catalan Working Conditions Survey (2010) with a subsample of employed workers with a contract. The prevalence of precarious employment using a multidimensional scale and its association with health was calculated using multivariate log-binomial regression stratified by gender. Results: The prevalence of precarious employment in Catalonia was high (42.6%). We found higher precariousness in women, youth, immigrants, and manual and less educated workers. There was a positive gradient in the association between precarious employment and poor health. Conclusions: Precarious employment is associated with poor health in the working population. Working conditions surveys should include questions on precarious employment and health indicators, which would allow monitoring and subsequent analyses of health inequalities. |
Gotsens, Mercè; Malmusi, Davide; Villarroel, Nazmy; Vives-Cases, Carmen; Garcia-Subirats, Irene; Hernando, Cristina; Borrell, Carme Health inequality between immigrants and natives in Spain: The loss of the healthy immigrant effect in times of economic crisis Artículo de revista European Journal of Public Health, 25 (6), 2015, ISSN: 1464360X. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Immigrants, Salut @article{gotsens_health_2015, title = {Health inequality between immigrants and natives in Spain: The loss of the healthy immigrant effect in times of economic crisis}, author = {Mercè Gotsens and Davide Malmusi and Nazmy Villarroel and Carmen Vives-Cases and Irene Garcia-Subirats and Cristina Hernando and Carme Borrell}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckv126}, issn = {1464360X}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {25}, number = {6}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The immigrant population living in Spain grew exponentially in the early 2000s but has been particularly affected by the economic crisis. This study aims to analyse health inequalities between immigrants born in middle- or low-income countries and natives in Spain, in 2006 and 2012, taking into account gender, year of arrival and socioeconomic exposures.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: Study of trends using two cross-sections, the 2006 and 2012 editions of the Spanish National Health Survey, including residents in Spain aged 15-64 years (20 810 natives and 2950 immigrants in 2006, 14 291 natives and 2448 immigrants in 2012). Fair/poor self-rated health, poor mental health (GHQ-12 textbackslashtextgreater 2), chronic activity limitation and use of psychotropic drugs were compared between natives and immigrants who arrived in Spain before 2006, adjusting robust Poisson regression models for age and socioeconomic variables to obtain prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: Inequalities in poor self-rated health between immigrants and natives tend to increase among women (age-adjusted PR2006 = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.24-1.56}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Immigrants, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: The immigrant population living in Spain grew exponentially in the early 2000s but has been particularly affected by the economic crisis. This study aims to analyse health inequalities between immigrants born in middle- or low-income countries and natives in Spain, in 2006 and 2012, taking into account gender, year of arrival and socioeconomic exposures.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: Study of trends using two cross-sections, the 2006 and 2012 editions of the Spanish National Health Survey, including residents in Spain aged 15-64 years (20 810 natives and 2950 immigrants in 2006, 14 291 natives and 2448 immigrants in 2012). Fair/poor self-rated health, poor mental health (GHQ-12 textbackslashtextgreater 2), chronic activity limitation and use of psychotropic drugs were compared between natives and immigrants who arrived in Spain before 2006, adjusting robust Poisson regression models for age and socioeconomic variables to obtain prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: Inequalities in poor self-rated health between immigrants and natives tend to increase among women (age-adjusted PR2006 = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.24-1.56 |
2014 |
Robert, Gemma; Martinez, J M; Garcia, A M; Benavides, Fernando G; Ronda, Elena From the boom to the crisis: changes in employment conditions of immigrants in Spain and their effects on mental health Artículo de revista The European Journal of Public Health, 24 (3), pp. 404–409, 2014, ISSN: 1101-1262. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Immigrants, Treball @article{robert_boom_2014, title = {From the boom to the crisis: changes in employment conditions of immigrants in Spain and their effects on mental health}, author = {Gemma Robert and J M Martinez and A M Garcia and Fernando G Benavides and Elena Ronda}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/eurpub/cku020}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/cku020}, issn = {1101-1262}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-06-01}, journal = {The European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {24}, number = {3}, pages = {404--409}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Migrant workers have been one of the groups most affected by the economic crisis. This study evaluates the influence of changes in employment conditions on the incidence of poor mental health of immigrant workers in Spain, after a period of 3 years, in context of economic crisis.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: Follow-up survey was conducted at two time points, 2008 and 2011, with a reference population of 318 workers from Colombia, Ecuador, Morocco and Romania residing in Spain. Individuals from this population who reported good mental health in the 2008 survey (n = 214) were interviewed again in 2011 to evaluate their mental health status and the effects of their different employment situations since 2008 by calculating crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for sociodemographic and employment characteristics.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nFINDINGS: There was an increased risk of poor mental health in workers who lost their jobs (aOR = 3.62, 95%CI: 1.64-7.96), whose number of working hours increased (aOR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.02-5.44), whose monthly income decreased (aOR = 2.75, 95%CI: 1.08-7.00) or who remained within the low-income bracket. This was also the case for people whose legal status (permission for working and residing in Spain) was temporary or permanent compared with those with Spanish nationality (aOR = 3.32, 95%CI: 1.15-9.58) or illegal (aOR = 17.34, 95%CI: 1.96-153.23). In contrast, a decreased risk was observed among those who attained their registration under Spanish Social Security system (aOR = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.02-0.48).$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSION: There was an increase in poor mental health among immigrant workers who experienced deterioration in their employment conditions, probably influenced by the economic crisis.}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Immigrants, Treball}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Migrant workers have been one of the groups most affected by the economic crisis. This study evaluates the influence of changes in employment conditions on the incidence of poor mental health of immigrant workers in Spain, after a period of 3 years, in context of economic crisis.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: Follow-up survey was conducted at two time points, 2008 and 2011, with a reference population of 318 workers from Colombia, Ecuador, Morocco and Romania residing in Spain. Individuals from this population who reported good mental health in the 2008 survey (n = 214) were interviewed again in 2011 to evaluate their mental health status and the effects of their different employment situations since 2008 by calculating crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for sociodemographic and employment characteristics.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nFINDINGS: There was an increased risk of poor mental health in workers who lost their jobs (aOR = 3.62, 95%CI: 1.64-7.96), whose number of working hours increased (aOR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.02-5.44), whose monthly income decreased (aOR = 2.75, 95%CI: 1.08-7.00) or who remained within the low-income bracket. This was also the case for people whose legal status (permission for working and residing in Spain) was temporary or permanent compared with those with Spanish nationality (aOR = 3.32, 95%CI: 1.15-9.58) or illegal (aOR = 17.34, 95%CI: 1.96-153.23). In contrast, a decreased risk was observed among those who attained their registration under Spanish Social Security system (aOR = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.02-0.48).$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSION: There was an increase in poor mental health among immigrant workers who experienced deterioration in their employment conditions, probably influenced by the economic crisis. |
Benedicto, Andreu Segura Recortes, austeridad y salud. Informe SESPAS 2014 Artículo de revista Gaceta Sanitaria, 28 (S1), pp. 7–11, 2014, ISSN: 02139111. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut @article{segura_benedicto_recortes_2014, title = {Recortes, austeridad y salud. Informe SESPAS 2014}, author = {Andreu Segura Benedicto}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0213911114000508}, doi = {10.1016/j.gaceta.2014.02.009}, issn = {02139111}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Gaceta Sanitaria}, volume = {28}, number = {S1}, pages = {7--11}, abstract = {Since 2009, the economic recession has led to cuts in spending on social welfare policy and in health care. The most important risks to health depend on negative changes in social determinants. Notable among these determinants are unemployment and the large proportion of people at risk of poverty, which affects 30% of children younger than 14 years. Social inequalities have increased significantly, much more than health inequalities, probably because the value of retirement pensions has been maintained until now. Most of the population is fairly satisfied with the public health system, although it is under considerable pressure. Mortality statistics have not been affected so far, but there has been an increase in mood disorders and mental health problems. Health services utilization has decreased and the number of publicly prescribed drugs has fallen dramatically. This restriction accounts for much of the decrease in public spending on health, since the hospital care budget has not decreased, despite the fall in primary care and public health spending. The crisis could encourage community health and the inclusion of health in all policies. It is the responsibility of professionals and public health institutions monitoring the trend in health problems and their determinants to avoid irreversible situations as far as possible. © 2013 SESPAS.}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Since 2009, the economic recession has led to cuts in spending on social welfare policy and in health care. The most important risks to health depend on negative changes in social determinants. Notable among these determinants are unemployment and the large proportion of people at risk of poverty, which affects 30% of children younger than 14 years. Social inequalities have increased significantly, much more than health inequalities, probably because the value of retirement pensions has been maintained until now. Most of the population is fairly satisfied with the public health system, although it is under considerable pressure. Mortality statistics have not been affected so far, but there has been an increase in mood disorders and mental health problems. Health services utilization has decreased and the number of publicly prescribed drugs has fallen dramatically. This restriction accounts for much of the decrease in public spending on health, since the hospital care budget has not decreased, despite the fall in primary care and public health spending. The crisis could encourage community health and the inclusion of health in all policies. It is the responsibility of professionals and public health institutions monitoring the trend in health problems and their determinants to avoid irreversible situations as far as possible. © 2013 SESPAS. |
Córdoba-Doña, Juan; Sebastián, Miguel San; Escolar-Pujolar, Antonio; Martínez-Faure, Jesús; Gustafsson, Per E Economic crisis and suicidal behaviour: the role of unemployment, sex and age in Andalusia, Southern Spain Artículo de revista International Journal for Equity in Health, 13 (1), 2014, ISSN: 1475-9276. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental @article{cordoba-dona_economic_2014, title = {Economic crisis and suicidal behaviour: the role of unemployment, sex and age in Andalusia, Southern Spain}, author = {Juan Córdoba-Doña and Miguel San Sebastián and Antonio Escolar-Pujolar and Jesús Martínez-Faure and Per E Gustafsson}, doi = {10.1186/1475-9276-13-55}, issn = {1475-9276}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {International Journal for Equity in Health}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Although suicide rates have increased in some European countries in relation to the current economic crisis and austerity policies, that trend has not been observed in Spain. This study examines the impact of the economic crisis on suicide attempts, the previously neglected endpoint of the suicidal process, and its relation to unemployment, age and sex.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: The study was carried out in Andalusia, the most populated region of Spain, and which has a high level of unemployment. Information on suicide attempts attended by emergency services was extracted from the Health Emergencies Public Enterprise Information System (SIEPES). Suicide attempts occurring between 2003 and 2012 were included, in order to cover five years prior to the crisis (2003-2007) and five years after its onset (2008-2012). Information was retrieved from 24,380 cases (11,494 men and 12,886 women) on sex, age, address, and type of attention provided. Age-adjusted suicide attempt rates were calculated. Excess numbers of attempts from 2008 to 2012 were estimated for each sex using historical trends of the five previous years, through time regression models using negative binomial regression analysis. To assess the association between unemployment and suicide attempts rates, linear regression models with fixed effects were performed.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: A sharp increase in suicide attempt rates in Andalusia was detected after the onset of the crisis, both in men and in women. Adults aged 35 to 54 years were the most affected in both sexes. Suicide attempt rates were associated with unemployment rates in men, accounting for almost half of the cases during the five initial years of the crisis. Women were also affected during the recession period but this association could not be specifically attributed to unemployment.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSIONS: This study enhances our understanding of the potential effects of the economic crisis on the rapidly increasing suicide attempt rates in women and men, and the association of unemployment with growing suicidal behaviour in men. Research on the suicide effects of the economic crisis may need to take into account earlier stages of the suicidal process, and that this effect may differ by age and sex.}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } INTRODUCTION: Although suicide rates have increased in some European countries in relation to the current economic crisis and austerity policies, that trend has not been observed in Spain. This study examines the impact of the economic crisis on suicide attempts, the previously neglected endpoint of the suicidal process, and its relation to unemployment, age and sex.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: The study was carried out in Andalusia, the most populated region of Spain, and which has a high level of unemployment. Information on suicide attempts attended by emergency services was extracted from the Health Emergencies Public Enterprise Information System (SIEPES). Suicide attempts occurring between 2003 and 2012 were included, in order to cover five years prior to the crisis (2003-2007) and five years after its onset (2008-2012). Information was retrieved from 24,380 cases (11,494 men and 12,886 women) on sex, age, address, and type of attention provided. Age-adjusted suicide attempt rates were calculated. Excess numbers of attempts from 2008 to 2012 were estimated for each sex using historical trends of the five previous years, through time regression models using negative binomial regression analysis. To assess the association between unemployment and suicide attempts rates, linear regression models with fixed effects were performed.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: A sharp increase in suicide attempt rates in Andalusia was detected after the onset of the crisis, both in men and in women. Adults aged 35 to 54 years were the most affected in both sexes. Suicide attempt rates were associated with unemployment rates in men, accounting for almost half of the cases during the five initial years of the crisis. Women were also affected during the recession period but this association could not be specifically attributed to unemployment.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSIONS: This study enhances our understanding of the potential effects of the economic crisis on the rapidly increasing suicide attempt rates in women and men, and the association of unemployment with growing suicidal behaviour in men. Research on the suicide effects of the economic crisis may need to take into account earlier stages of the suicidal process, and that this effect may differ by age and sex. |
Bartoll, Xavier; Pal??ncia, Laia; Malmusi, Davide; Suhrcke, Marc; Borrell, Carme The evolution of mental health in Spain during the economic crisis Artículo de revista European Journal of Public Health, 24 (3), 2014, ISSN: 1464360X. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Espanya, Salut Mental @article{bartoll_evolution_2014, title = {The evolution of mental health in Spain during the economic crisis}, author = {Xavier Bartoll and Laia Pal??ncia and Davide Malmusi and Marc Suhrcke and Carme Borrell}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckt208}, issn = {1464360X}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {24}, number = {3}, abstract = {We analyse how mental health and socioeconomic inequalities in the Spanish population aged 16-64 years have changed between 2006-2007 and 2011-2012. We observed an increase in the prevalence of poor mental health among men (prevalence ratio = 1.15, 95% CI 1.04-1.26], especially among those aged 35-54 years, those with primary and secondary education, those from semi-qualified social classes and among breadwinners. None of these associations remained after adjusting for working status. The relative index of inequality by social class increased for men from 1.02 to 1.08 (P = 0.001). We observed a slight decrease in the prevalence of poor mental health among women (prevalence ratio = 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.98), without any significant change in health inequality.}, keywords = {Espanya, Salut Mental}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We analyse how mental health and socioeconomic inequalities in the Spanish population aged 16-64 years have changed between 2006-2007 and 2011-2012. We observed an increase in the prevalence of poor mental health among men (prevalence ratio = 1.15, 95% CI 1.04-1.26], especially among those aged 35-54 years, those with primary and secondary education, those from semi-qualified social classes and among breadwinners. None of these associations remained after adjusting for working status. The relative index of inequality by social class increased for men from 1.02 to 1.08 (P = 0.001). We observed a slight decrease in the prevalence of poor mental health among women (prevalence ratio = 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.98), without any significant change in health inequality. |
2013 |
Vives, Alejandra; Amable, Marcelo; Ferrer, Montserrat; Moncada, Salvador; Llorens, Clara; Muntaner, Carles; Benavides, Fernando G; Benach, Joan Employment precariousness and poor mental health: Evidence from spain on a new social determinant of health Artículo de revista Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2013 , 2013, ISSN: 16879805. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental @article{vives_employment_2013, title = {Employment precariousness and poor mental health: Evidence from spain on a new social determinant of health}, author = {Alejandra Vives and Marcelo Amable and Montserrat Ferrer and Salvador Moncada and Clara Llorens and Carles Muntaner and Fernando G Benavides and Joan Benach}, doi = {10.1155/2013/978656}, issn = {16879805}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Environmental and Public Health}, volume = {2013}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Evidence on the health-damaging effects of precarious employment is limited by the use of one-dimensional approaches focused on employment instability. This study assesses the association between precarious employment and poor mental health using the multidimensional Employment Precariousness Scale.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: Cross-sectional study of 5679 temporary and permanent workers from the population-based Psychosocial Factors Survey was carried out in 2004-2005 in Spain. Poor mental health was defined as SF-36 mental health scores below the 25th percentile of the Spanish reference for each respondent's sex and age. Prevalence proportion ratios (PPRs) of poor mental health across quintiles of employment precariousness (reference: 1st quintile) were calculated with log-binomial regressions, separately for women and men.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: Crude PPRs showed a gradient association with poor mental health and remained generally unchanged after adjustments for age, immigrant status, socioeconomic position, and previous unemployment. Fully adjusted PPRs for the 5th quintile were 2.54 (95% CI: 1.95-3.31) for women and 2.23 (95% CI: 1.86-2.68) for men.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSION: The study finds a gradient association between employment precariousness and poor mental health, which was somewhat stronger among women, suggesting an interaction with gender-related power asymmetries. Further research is needed to strengthen the epidemiological evidence base and to inform labour market policy-making.}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Evidence on the health-damaging effects of precarious employment is limited by the use of one-dimensional approaches focused on employment instability. This study assesses the association between precarious employment and poor mental health using the multidimensional Employment Precariousness Scale.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: Cross-sectional study of 5679 temporary and permanent workers from the population-based Psychosocial Factors Survey was carried out in 2004-2005 in Spain. Poor mental health was defined as SF-36 mental health scores below the 25th percentile of the Spanish reference for each respondent's sex and age. Prevalence proportion ratios (PPRs) of poor mental health across quintiles of employment precariousness (reference: 1st quintile) were calculated with log-binomial regressions, separately for women and men.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: Crude PPRs showed a gradient association with poor mental health and remained generally unchanged after adjustments for age, immigrant status, socioeconomic position, and previous unemployment. Fully adjusted PPRs for the 5th quintile were 2.54 (95% CI: 1.95-3.31) for women and 2.23 (95% CI: 1.86-2.68) for men.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSION: The study finds a gradient association between employment precariousness and poor mental health, which was somewhat stronger among women, suggesting an interaction with gender-related power asymmetries. Further research is needed to strengthen the epidemiological evidence base and to inform labour market policy-making. |
Martinez-Beneito, Miguel A; Zurriaga, Oscar; Botella-Rocamora, Paloma; Marí-Dell'Olmo, Marc; Nolasco, Andreu; Moncho, Joaquín; Daponte, Antonio; Domínguez-Berjón, Felicitas M; Gandarillas, Ana; Martos, Carmen; Montoya, Imanol; Sánchez-Villegas, Pablo; Taracido, Margarita; Borrell, Carme Do socioeconomic inequalities in mortality vary between different Spanish cities? a pooled cross-sectional analysis Artículo de revista BMC Public Health, 13 (1), 2013, ISSN: 1471-2458. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut @article{martinez-beneito_socioeconomic_2013, title = {Do socioeconomic inequalities in mortality vary between different Spanish cities? a pooled cross-sectional analysis}, author = {Miguel A Martinez-Beneito and Oscar Zurriaga and Paloma Botella-Rocamora and Marc Marí-Dell'Olmo and Andreu Nolasco and Joaquín Moncho and Antonio Daponte and Felicitas M Domínguez-Berjón and Ana Gandarillas and Carmen Martos and Imanol Montoya and Pablo Sánchez-Villegas and Margarita Taracido and Carme Borrell}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2458-13-480}, issn = {1471-2458}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The relationship between deprivation and mortality in urban settings is well established. This relationship has been found for several causes of death in Spanish cities in independent analyses (the MEDEA project). However, no joint analysis which pools the strength of this relationship across several cities has ever been undertaken. Such an analysis would determine, if appropriate, a joint relationship by linking the associations found.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: A pooled cross-sectional analysis of the data from the MEDEA project has been carried out for each of the causes of death studied. Specifically, a meta-analysis has been carried out to pool the relative risks in eleven Spanish cities. Different deprivation-mortality relationships across the cities are considered in the analysis (fixed and random effects models). The size of the cities is also considered as a possible factor explaining differences between cities.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: Twenty studies have been carried out for different combinations of sex and causes of death. For nine of them (men: prostate cancer, diabetes, mental illnesses, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease; women: diabetes, mental illnesses, respiratory diseases, cirrhosis) no differences were found between cities in the effect of deprivation on mortality; in four cases (men: respiratory diseases, all causes of mortality; women: breast cancer, Alzheimer's disease) differences not associated with the size of the city have been determined; in two cases (men: cirrhosis; women: lung cancer) differences strictly linked to the size of the city have been determined, and in five cases (men: lung cancer, ischaemic heart disease; women: ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, all causes of mortality) both kinds of differences have been found. Except for lung cancer in women, every significant relationship between deprivation and mortality goes in the same direction: deprivation increases mortality. Variability in the relative risks across cities was found for general mortality for both sexes.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSIONS: This study provides a general overview of the relationship between deprivation and mortality for a sample of large Spanish cities combined. This joint study allows the exploration of and, if appropriate, the quantification of the variability in that relationship for the set of cities considered.}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: The relationship between deprivation and mortality in urban settings is well established. This relationship has been found for several causes of death in Spanish cities in independent analyses (the MEDEA project). However, no joint analysis which pools the strength of this relationship across several cities has ever been undertaken. Such an analysis would determine, if appropriate, a joint relationship by linking the associations found.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nMETHODS: A pooled cross-sectional analysis of the data from the MEDEA project has been carried out for each of the causes of death studied. Specifically, a meta-analysis has been carried out to pool the relative risks in eleven Spanish cities. Different deprivation-mortality relationships across the cities are considered in the analysis (fixed and random effects models). The size of the cities is also considered as a possible factor explaining differences between cities.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nRESULTS: Twenty studies have been carried out for different combinations of sex and causes of death. For nine of them (men: prostate cancer, diabetes, mental illnesses, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease; women: diabetes, mental illnesses, respiratory diseases, cirrhosis) no differences were found between cities in the effect of deprivation on mortality; in four cases (men: respiratory diseases, all causes of mortality; women: breast cancer, Alzheimer's disease) differences not associated with the size of the city have been determined; in two cases (men: cirrhosis; women: lung cancer) differences strictly linked to the size of the city have been determined, and in five cases (men: lung cancer, ischaemic heart disease; women: ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, all causes of mortality) both kinds of differences have been found. Except for lung cancer in women, every significant relationship between deprivation and mortality goes in the same direction: deprivation increases mortality. Variability in the relative risks across cities was found for general mortality for both sexes.$textbackslashbackslash$n$textbackslashbackslash$nCONCLUSIONS: This study provides a general overview of the relationship between deprivation and mortality for a sample of large Spanish cities combined. This joint study allows the exploration of and, if appropriate, the quantification of the variability in that relationship for the set of cities considered. |
Gili, Margalida; Roca, Miquel; Basu, Sanjay; McKee, Martin; Stuckler, David The mental health risks of economic crisis in Spain: Evidence from primary care centres, 2006 and 2010 Artículo de revista European Journal of Public Health, 23 (1), 2013, ISSN: 11011262. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental @article{gili_mental_2013, title = {The mental health risks of economic crisis in Spain: Evidence from primary care centres, 2006 and 2010}, author = {Margalida Gili and Miquel Roca and Sanjay Basu and Martin McKee and David Stuckler}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/cks035}, issn = {11011262}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nearly all European countries have been affected by the economic crisis that began in 2007, but the consequences have been among the worst in Spain. We investigated the associations of the recession on the frequency of mood, anxiety, somatoform, alcohol-related and eating disorders among those visiting Spanish primary care settings. METHODS: Primary care physicians selected randomized samples of patients attending primary care centres representing Spain's consulting populations. A total of 7940 patients in 2006-07 and 5876 in 2010-11 were administered the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) instrument to diagnose mental disorders. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to quantify overall changes in the frequency of mental disorders, adjusting for potential socio-demographic differences in consulting populations unrelated to economic factors. RESULTS: Compared with the pre-crisis period of 2006, the 2010 survey revealed substantial and significant increases in the proportion of patients with mood (19.4% in major depression), anxiety (8.4% in generalized anxiety disorder), somatoform (7.3%) and alcohol-related disorders (4.6% in alcohol dependence), all significant at P textbackslashtextless 0.001, but not in eating disorders (0.15%}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Nearly all European countries have been affected by the economic crisis that began in 2007, but the consequences have been among the worst in Spain. We investigated the associations of the recession on the frequency of mood, anxiety, somatoform, alcohol-related and eating disorders among those visiting Spanish primary care settings. METHODS: Primary care physicians selected randomized samples of patients attending primary care centres representing Spain's consulting populations. A total of 7940 patients in 2006-07 and 5876 in 2010-11 were administered the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) instrument to diagnose mental disorders. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to quantify overall changes in the frequency of mental disorders, adjusting for potential socio-demographic differences in consulting populations unrelated to economic factors. RESULTS: Compared with the pre-crisis period of 2006, the 2010 survey revealed substantial and significant increases in the proportion of patients with mood (19.4% in major depression), anxiety (8.4% in generalized anxiety disorder), somatoform (7.3%) and alcohol-related disorders (4.6% in alcohol dependence), all significant at P textbackslashtextless 0.001, but not in eating disorders (0.15% |
Gallo, Pedro; Gené-Badia, Joan Cuts drive health system reforms in Spain Artículo de revista Health Policy, 113 (1-2), pp. 1–7, 2013, ISSN: 01688510. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Espanya, Salut @article{gallo_cuts_2013, title = {Cuts drive health system reforms in Spain}, author = {Pedro Gallo and Joan Gené-Badia}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168851013001784}, doi = {10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.06.016}, issn = {01688510}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Health Policy}, volume = {113}, number = {1-2}, pages = {1--7}, abstract = {The economic crisis is largely shaping health policy in Spain. This paper reports on major changes in the health care system, both nationally and regionally, as a consequence of sizable cutbacks and new pieces of legislation. The most relevant changes to the system introduced during the last year are having an impact on who is insured, which benefits are covered, and what share of the cost of service provision is contributed by the population, while at the same time reducing salaries and working conditions in the sector. We further report on the consequences these changes are having, and the roles played by key actors and organisations in the system. ?? 2013 The Authors.}, keywords = {Espanya, Salut}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The economic crisis is largely shaping health policy in Spain. This paper reports on major changes in the health care system, both nationally and regionally, as a consequence of sizable cutbacks and new pieces of legislation. The most relevant changes to the system introduced during the last year are having an impact on who is insured, which benefits are covered, and what share of the cost of service provision is contributed by the population, while at the same time reducing salaries and working conditions in the sector. We further report on the consequences these changes are having, and the roles played by key actors and organisations in the system. ?? 2013 The Authors. |
Roca, Miquel; Gili, Margarita; Garcia-Campayo, Javier; García-Toro, Mauro Economic crisis and mental health in Spain Artículo de revista The Lancet, 382 (9909), 2013, ISSN: 01406736. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental @article{roca_economic_2013, title = {Economic crisis and mental health in Spain}, author = {Miquel Roca and Margarita Gili and Javier Garcia-Campayo and Mauro García-Toro}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62650-1}, issn = {01406736}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {382}, number = {9909}, abstract = {Many agree that economic crisis, unemployment, and low incomes are associated with poor health; and this might be particularly relevant for mental health.1 The economic crisis in Europe is particularly severe in Greece, Portugal, and Spain, and controversies have arisen around the consequences of the financial crisis on health and suicides rates. Fountoulakis and colleagues2 argued that there is no evidence to support a causal link between the financial crisis and suicide, questioning the reliability of the Greek official data on suicide rates. It is important to note that suicide rates in south European countries are lower than those in other European countries.3 Between 1997 and 2007, Spain's economy was one of the fastest growing in Europe. At present, 25% of Spanish people of working age are unemployed, the highest rate in Europe. According to the Spanish National Institute of Statistics suicide rates in Spain (table) decreased between 2008 and 2011. However, Lopez-Bernal and colleagues noted an increase of suicide in working-age men.4}, keywords = {Crisi Econòmica, Espanya, Salut Mental}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Many agree that economic crisis, unemployment, and low incomes are associated with poor health; and this might be particularly relevant for mental health.1 The economic crisis in Europe is particularly severe in Greece, Portugal, and Spain, and controversies have arisen around the consequences of the financial crisis on health and suicides rates. Fountoulakis and colleagues2 argued that there is no evidence to support a causal link between the financial crisis and suicide, questioning the reliability of the Greek official data on suicide rates. It is important to note that suicide rates in south European countries are lower than those in other European countries.3 Between 1997 and 2007, Spain's economy was one of the fastest growing in Europe. At present, 25% of Spanish people of working age are unemployed, the highest rate in Europe. According to the Spanish National Institute of Statistics suicide rates in Spain (table) decreased between 2008 and 2011. However, Lopez-Bernal and colleagues noted an increase of suicide in working-age men.4 |